Determination of N for Heaviest and Lightest Isotopes of Each Z≥92 Elements for producting

Authors

  • Hisham Saker Tishreen University
  • Mufid Abbas Tishreen University
  • Mohamd Fahood
  • Bahjat Ibrahim Tishreen University

Abstract

In nature, there are less than 300 natural isotopes. Their high proton numbers are Z=92. Conversely, there are more than 5000 artificial isotopes which are being produced in the reactors and accelerators or by chemical method. The maximum of artificial Z has transcended the value Z=130, so , day after day the number of artificial isotopes which are produced by human has increased, along with development of equipment and method which are being used, especially of increasing the accelerating energies in the accelerators. Nowadays, artificial isotopes of the elements  existed naturally or artificially produced of N values (number of neutrons) are being produced.

Thus, by decreasing the minimum and increasing the maximum with the development time progresses.

Certain conditions must be achieved in order to have naturally existed nuclei or artificially being produced.

Some of these conditions are as followers: Binding Energy for any of its protons or neutron in any part of the nucleus is bigger than zero.

Noting that, scheduling always reaches the neutron existed on the nucleus surface and also the proton, the  nearest to its surface.

    Average Binding Energy .decreases as N increases by stability of Z (for each element) . Besides with the increase of Z by stability of N  ( for each group of Isotones).

     In this research, we try to find  opposite of the lightest isotop and the

 heaviest isotope in order which can be produced for each element, i.e for each value of Z.

  The research was limited to study the elements  because of its specifi feature distinguished it from others, that is , it is sub missed to simple laws such as linear relations for each of  with N in each element.

Author Biographies

Hisham Saker, Tishreen University

 

 

Mufid Abbas, Tishreen University

 

 

 

Mohamd Fahood

 

 

 

Downloads

Published

2023-02-23

How to Cite

1.
صقر ه, عباس م, محمد فاهود, بهجت ابراهيم. Determination of N for Heaviest and Lightest Isotopes of Each Z≥92 Elements for producting. TUJ-BA [Internet]. 2023Feb.23 [cited 2024Nov.28];44(6):11-27. Available from: https://journal.tishreen.edu.sy/index.php/bassnc/article/view/12684

Issue

Vol. 44 No. 6 (2022): Tishreen University Journal of Research and Scientific Studies - Basic Sciences Series

Section

Articles

License

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

The authors retain the copyright and grant the right to publish in the magazine for the first time with the transfer of the commercial right to the Tishreen University Journal -Basic Sciences Series  

 Under a CC BY- NC-SA 04 license that allows others to share the work with of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. Authors can use a copy of their articles in their scientific activity, and on their scientific websites, provided that the place of publication is indicted in Tishreen University Journal -Basic Sciences Series .  The Readers have the right to send, print and subscribe to the initial version of the article, and the title of Tishreen University Journal -Basic Sciences Series   Publisher

 

journal uses a CC BY-NC-SA license which mean

You are free to:

  • Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material
  •  
  • The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.

 

  • Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
  • NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
  • ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
  • No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.