Tishreen University Journal -Biological Sciences Series

Effect of some organic fertilizers on yield and quality of cucumber Cucumus sativus

Rahaf Mohamad, Badie Samra, Abdul Aziz Bou Issa — Fri, 26 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study was conducted during the fall season of 2021 in the Burmana Al-Mashaikh district of Tartous Governorate, with the aim of determining the type of organic fertilizer that is efficient to obtain the best vegetative growth, the best productivity and quality of cucumber fruits, and to reduce the negative impact of chemical fertilization in greenhouses.

In the experiment, four types of organic fertilizers (cow manure, poultry manure, sheep manure, and goat manure) were used in addition to the control treatment (mineral fertilization).

The results showed that the treatment of fertilization with poultry dung and the treatment of fertilization with sheep dung were superior to the control with values of significant differences over the control. The plant productivity reached 7.04 kg/plant (21.11 kg/m2) for the treatment of poultry dung and 6.99 kg/plant (20.97 kg/m2) for the treatment of fertilization with sheep dung .

With regard to the most important indicator of the quality of vegetables, all organic fertilization treatments were superior in their content of vitamin C, especially the treatment of fertilization with poultry giblets 10.17 mg / 100 g fresh material, superior by significant differences to the control 6.47 mg / 100 g fresh materia.

The effect of heat stress on some productive indicators of broilers in coastal conditions

Fedaa Hassan, Bushra Alissa, Majed Moussa — Fri, 26 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effect of heat stress on some productivity indicators of broilers, and evaluating the effect of some food additives as treated materials .
The study was conducted on 180 chick meat hybrids (ROSS), randomly distributed in three treatments, each treatment included 60 chicks, and each treatment was divided into three replicates, with 20 chicks in each replicate. The housing and care conditions were the same for all replicates from the first day of chick life until the age of 28 days, after which heat stress was applied to only two treated birds starting from the age of (28 - 42) days, and a mixture of food additives was used through drinking water (COOLIX by 1g /1L and Ultra Care compound in a ratio of 1ml/1L) to the first treated birds that were stressed and treated T1(H.S.T) while the second treatment birds exposed T2(H.S) to stress, and were left without any food additives, while the third treatment was left T3(cont) as a control under optimal care conditions. The results showed a decrease in the mortality rate in the treatment T1(H.S.T) (3,33%) compared with T2(H.S) (16.66%), while no deaths were recorded in the control treatment T3(cont). and the results showed that the average weight For the studied treatments it was almost the same before applying heat stress, in the sixth week, significant differences were observed between T3(cont) (2650g) and each of (1950g) T2(H.S) and (2250g) T1(H.S.T), and the average feed consumption at T2(H.S) decreased by 12,793 % at the fifth week of bird life While in T1(H.S.T) the percentage of decrease in the average feed consumption was 6.89%, while in the sixth week, T (H.S) recorded a decrease of 10.73% and T1 (H.S.T) a decrease of 6.28%, and the best conversion factor was recorded in The fifth week at (1.64) T3(cont) followed by T1(H.S.T) (1.71), then T2(H.S)(1.75), and these results were similar in the sixth week, but they were clearer, and T2(H.S) recorded the worst conversion factor ( 2.05), while T3(cont) achieved the best conversion factor (1.69), also the average productivity index of its birds recorded the highest value at the ages of 35 and 42 (331,01), (374,92) respectively, and T1(H.S.T) also excelled as it reached Productive evidence also during the ages of birds 35 and 42 (297.33), (301.59) on treatment T2(H.S), which recorded the lowest values in the mean productivity index (223.70) at the age of 35 days, and (188.75) at the age of 42 days.
Key words: poultry, heat stress, productive health.

The effectiveness of some pesticides in combating peach leaf curl disease caused by the fungus Taphrina deformans on almond trees

Amani Ahmad, Abdul Rahman Khafteh — Fri, 26 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The disease research was carried out in the village of Al-Qusaybiyah
(Sheikh Badr), Tartous Governorate, during the autumn of 2021 and the spring of 2022, for the purpose of testing three fungicides: difenoconazole, copper oxychloride, and captan in combating the fungus Taphrina Deformans, which causes almond leaf curl, compared to the control.

The recommended concentration of field-tested pesticides was used at a rate of three replicates per treatment and at a rate of five trees per replicate. According to a completely randomized block design.

The results of the study showed that the spraying process with the tested pesticides was effective in reducing the incidence of leaf curl disease on almonds when sprayed in the fall compared to the control. The pesticide difenoconazole gave the highest effectiveness in the spring and fall experiments, 80.82% and 82.75%, respectively, while the pesticide Captan was the least effective was 58.64% and had no effect when applied in the spring.

The Effect of the Alcoholic Extract of the Leaves of the Capparis Spinosa Plant in the Prevention of Liver and Kidney Cancer Induced by Benzo[a]Pyrene in Female Balb/c Mice

fatema daboul, Nahla Nasser Ibrahim, Rana Mohsen Issa — Sun, 04 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Cancer is a global health problem, its incidence increased in the early twentieth century as a result of environmental pollution resulting from the great industrial revolution that the world witnessed in addition to the lack of therapeutic or preventive measures for this disease and its high cost if any. Our current study aimed to investigate the protective effect of an extract of Capparis spinosa leaves against cancer The liver and kidneys caused by a compound of benzo[a]pyrene in vivo, the study included 60 individuals of female Balb/c mice distributed equally into four groups: the first group as a control was given water and food throughout the experiment period, the second group was dosed daily 100 mg / kg of Capparis spinosa leaf extract with oral feeding The third diseased group was injected with 30 mg/kg of benzo[a]pyrene into the abdominal peritoneum three times a week. The fourth, preventive group, was injected with 30 mg/kg of benzo[a]pyrene in conjunction with a daily dose of 100 mg/kg of Capparis spinosa leaf extract. At the end of the 10 month experiment all rats were sacrificed. The previous groups were dissected to prepare the tissue sections. A microscopic study of the liver and kidney tissues was conducted to study the carcinogenic effects and histopathological changes resulting from the administration of benzo[a]pyrene in addition to testing the role of alcoholic Capparis spinosa extract in reducing these changes.

Our current results did not document the occurrence of tumors, whether benign or malignant, in the liver and kidneys of experimental mice treated with benzo[a]pyrene compound for a period of 10 months. On the other hand, the extract of alcoholic Capparis spinosa leaves played a major role in preventing the toxic effects of this compound, because it contains phenolic compounds that played an effective role as antioxidants capable of removing free radicals and getting rid of their harmful effects inside the body.

Geochemistry of soils formed on ophiolite rocks in the Al-Bassit region of Northwestern Syria

Samar Ghanem , Ahlam Ibrahim — Fri, 26 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The al-Bassit region is characterized by ophiolite rocks with distinct chemical compositions and characteristics. Six soil profiles formed on ophiolite rocks
(basic and ultra-basic) were selected to determine the chemical composition and intensity of weathering processes in these soils. Nineteen samples of profiled soil were selected, and some of their morphological, physical, and chemical properties were studied. Weathering indexes were also calculated (CIA, WIP, CIW…), The results showed that the behavior of chemical elements is influenced by parent materials, and that all profiles are generally located within the weak weathering range, especially profiles P4 and P1, which are derived from basalt and serpentine rocks, respectively. Except for profile P3, which is derived from fine-grained gabbro rocks, it has been exposed to moderate-intensity weathering.

Determination of some trace heavy Metals (Pb, Cd, Cu) in sediments of the Euphrates River (Deir Ezzor Governorate)

Lehad AL-ALI, Ibrahim Nisafi, HussamEddin LAIKA, Mohammad Hassan — Fri, 26 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study aimed to determine the level of pollution with some heavy elements (Pb, Cd & Cu) in the sediments of the Euphrates River within Deir Ezzor Governorate, in addition to studying the temporal and spatial changes of the distribution of some heavy metal elements studied in the river environment. Three sampling stations have been identified downstream within Deir Ezzor governorate: Hatla, Hawija Sakr and Rushdia. Water and sediment samples were collected quarterly during 2021-2022 and heavy metal element concentrations were determined using atomic absorption technology.

The three measured heavy metal elements showed a great convergence in their values between the study stations and showed that there were no significant differences between them (P > 0.05), where the results showed that the concentrations of the studied elements in the sediments can be counted from the environmental evidence of pollution of the aquatic environment.

The results showed clear seasonal changes in the concentrations of the studied elements, where their values increased in the summer and spring compared to the winter and autumn seasons, in addition to differences between stations.

Isolation of local samples of Bacillus thuringiensis and testing its effectiveness in the laboratory against the red two-spotted spider Tetranychus urticae Koch.

Lama hasan, Omiema Nasser, Majida mefleh — Fri, 26 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Isolation of Bacillus thuringiensis from the local soil in Lattakia Governorate, the bacterial isolates were characterized by some characteristics based on their Gram staining, some biochemical properties and depending on the color characteristics on specific and selective cultures.

The isolates were tested against the Koch red two-spotted spider. Tetranychus urticae, under laboratory conditions, on stages (egg, nymph, and adult).

The results of the tests showed that the isolates had a significant effect on the egg stage, as the concentration of 10⁷ cells / ml gave the highest mortality rate of 82%, with a significant difference from the rest of the treatments.. Mortality in other stages was (43-92) % for larvae, (47-95) % for nymphs of the first age, (56-90) % for nymphs of the second age, and (44-91) % for adult females.

The control mortality rates ranged between (0-5) % for larvae, (1-8) % for first-instar nymphs, (3-11) % for second-instar nymphs, (4-7) % and (4-7) % for adult females.

Effect of application different levels of olive mill waste water during the mechanical dismantling of the subsurface soil layer on some physical properties of this layer and on the productivity of the potato plant.

rasha baddour, Jihad Ibrahim, Rabee Zainah — Fri, 26 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The research was carried out on Celtic clay soil at the Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Lattakia (Set-Kheris station) in 2019, where the study included four Treatments (T0 control without mechanical dismantling of the subsoil layer, LT0 treatment of mechanical dismantling of the subsoil layer only, T1 adding 2 L/m²oil mill waste water during mechanical dismantling , T2 adding 4 L/m² oil mill waste water during mechanical dismantling ), the results showed a significant decrease in bulk density after mechanical dismantling by 0.11 g/cm³compared to the control, as it decreased in treatment T1 by 0.13 g/cm³, to decrease in treatment T2 by 0.22 g/cm³. The volume of total porosity increased after mechanical disassembly from 46.34% to 50.51%, and increased in T1 treatment to become 51.33%, reaching 54.57% in T2 treatment, and the size of air pores greater than 10 microns increased with mechanical disassembly by 5.92%, and with the addition of T1 It increased by 4.19%, to increase at the level of T2 addition by 7.88% . As for the pores that contain available water (0.2-10) microns, it increased at the level of T1 addition by 3.01% and increased at the T2 level by 3.84% compared to the control, while the smaller pores It decreased from 0.2 micron with disassembly and at the levels of addition of T1 and T2, especially at the level of addition of T2, bringing this decrease to 3.49% compared to the control. The T2 treatment was significantly superior to the rest of the treatments with regard to the average plant height (50.6 cm), the average leaf area (4483 cm²), and the average leaf surface index (2.387) compared to the control. the average production increased with dismantling only by 7.34%, and with the addition level 2 L/m² by 13.31%, bringing this increase to 31.21% at the level of addition 4 L/m². The percentage of dry matter increased significantly by (2%) and starch by (1.034%) in T2 treatment compared to the control

Effect of leaf nutrition with yeast and urea on growth and productivity of cucumber in greenhouses

Abeer Dayoub, Nasr sheikh Suleiman — Fri, 26 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study was conducted during the spring season of 2021 in the village of Bsaisin, which is 3 km away from Jableh in Lattakia city, in order to study the effect of foliar feeding with urea compound and yeast suspension on the growth and productivity of cucumber plants within the greenhouse.
Five treatments were used In the experiment: urea compound at a concentration of (200-300mg/l) and yeast suspension at a concentration of (4-6g/l) in addition to the control treatment in four replications for each treatment.
With regard to growth Indicators, urea recorded 300 mg/l, the highest plant height and capacity (232.1 cm), the largest number of leaves (45.93 leaves), and the largest number of branches (10,400 branches), and thus It gave the largest leaf surface, which amounted to (18217 cm2).
The results also showed that foliar spraying with urea 300 mg/l gave the largest number of fruits (81.94 fruits) and the largest average weight of the fruit (106.90 g), and resulted In the largest production (30.58 kg/m2).

Selection of local isolates of the genus Trichoderma for use in the control of wilt diseases and Damping off eggplant in Hama.

Shady Soliman, Mosa AlSamara, Mohamed Ahmed , Nawal Ali — Fri, 26 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Trichoderma is a fungal species used in the biological control of soil-borne fungal plant diseases. The research aimed to conduct a field survey of the genus Trichoderma in Hama governorate in order to determine the most efficient local isolates in controlling wilting and Damping off diseases on eggplant plants caused by Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani in laboratory conditions to be adopted in the mass prodaction of Trichoderma fungus. The results showed the isolation of 76 local isolates of the genus Trichoderma from 100 soil samples that were collected from the fields of the areas of Hama Governorate, in addition to isolating and identifying the pathogens tested from samples of infected eggplant roots and testing their pathogenicity. A series of efficiency tests were conducted, where the linear growth rate of each of the tested isolates was calculated, and the average linear growth speed of all isolates was 17.2 ± 0.3 mm / day. isolate and the rest of the isolates were excluded, a test of the degree of fungal antagonism with laboratory tested pathogens was performed; The ability of all tested isolates to antagonize pathogens was shown to varying degrees and ranged from 1 to 2.67 degrees on the Bell scale, and ten tested isolates outperformed the rest of the isolates by obtaining the highest degree of fungal antagonism with each of the pathogens (and it was between 1 to 1.33 degrees), and the results of the laboratory inhibition ratio test showed the ability of these ten isolates to inhibit the growth of pathogens with an inhibition rate of 69.99% for Fusarium oxysporum and 49.49% for Rhizoctonia solni. The ten tested isolates were able to produce abundant quantities of conidia, and their production ranged from 3.33 * 10⁹ to 15.33 * 10⁹ spores / gram, and outperformed both isolate No. 25 (15.33 * 10⁹ spores / gram) and isolate No. 57 (6*10⁹ spores / g) over the rest of the ten isolates in the production of conidia.

Effect of Syrian Zeolite Ore, Magnesium and phosphorus Salts on reduce Volatilized ammonia during Poultry manure Composting

suliman younes, Leila Habib, Ghiath Alloush, Nada Salman, Areej Adra — Fri, 26 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The objectives of this study was to evaluate the effect of zeolite, Magnesium and phosphorus mineral salts in reducing nitrogen loss during poultry manure composting. The research carried out in soil chemistry and soil fertility laboratories in agriculture Faculty at Tishreen University in 2021.

The poultry manure composted in plastic containers in a temperature-controlled incubator. Volatilized ammonia, ammonium ions and total nitrogen contents measured over 120 days.

Three treatments in addition to control executed: OM (Control= poultry manure without any amendments). OMZ treatment received 15% zeolite by weight. OMS represents treatment of magnesium and phosphorus mineral salts, where magnesium was added as magnesium sulfate, while phosphorus was used as triple superphosphate fertilizer. The salt sources added at a molar ratio of 10% of mole number of initial nitrogen in poultry manure. Mixture treatment between zeolite and mineral salts (OMZS) applied at the same rate mentioned before.

Main achieved results: the proposed protocols contribute in reducing nitrogen loss during composting. Final total nitrogen content decreased about 30% of the initial nitrogen, where volatilized ammonia constitute about 68% of this loss, and represent 20% of the initial nitrogen value.

Zeolite application to composting medium (OMZ) reduced ammonia volatilization by 12.9% compared to control (OM). This loss reached 20.4% in salts treatment (OMS), whereas it was 25% in mixture treatment (OMZS). Application of zeolite, Mg and P salts increased total N in the final produced compost by5% -12% and NH4-N content by 28.5%- 39% compared to control(OM) respectively

Scanning electron microscopy showed Struvite mineral formation in the produced compost in salts treatment (OMS), this contributed to save ammonia during composting.

The effect of biofertilizers at different levels of moisture stress on the growth and productivity of maize (Zea mays) plants.

Ahmed Nassif, Yasser Hammad , Jihad Ibrahim, Majd Darwish — Fri, 26 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The research was carried out in the village of Al-Hanadi in Latakia Governorate during the year 2021, by planting yellow corn grains (Ghouta 82) in experimental plots according to a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and with three replicates, with the aim of studying the effect of adding biofertilizers on some growth and productivity characteristics of yellow corn plants. Two types of fertilizers (B1, B2) and a third fertilizer (B3) were used by mixing the previous two types, in addition to a control treatment (C) at three levels of moisture tension (400, 800, 1200) mbar.

It was found that when moisture tension (water stress) increased to levels (800) mbar and (1200) mbar, plant productivity decreased.

While biofertilizers improved the growth and productivity characteristics of yellow corn plants, giving the highest average plant height of (182 cm), leaf surface area (5084 cm2) number of rows per ear (14.8 rows per ear), and number of grains per row
(27.22 grains per row). ), and plant productivity (7.8) tons/ha, in addition to its role in the plant’s tolerance to moisture stress, as it gave an average plant height at level 3Ѱ of
(135 cm) compared to the control, which gave a plant height of (90.8 cm), and productivity amounted to (6.35 tons/ha). compared to the control that gave a productivity of
(5.2 tons/ha) at the same level of moisture tension.

Accordingly, it can be suggested to use biofertilizers due to their tangible role in the plant’s tolerance to moisture stress, in addition to their role in stimulating growth and productivity in yellow maize plants (Ghouta 82

Study and identification of the active chemical compounds present in the alcoholic extracts of the Ephedra plant, E.campylopoda, in Lattakia, Bahlouliyeh region.

Samah Zaini, Afifa Issa, Ahmed Qara Ali — Fri, 26 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of this study is to detect the active chemical compounds present in the alcoholic extract (ethanolic and methanolic) of the Ephedra plant, E. campylopoda, from the Ephedraceae family, and to compare the two extracts in view of its high medical importance and widespread use, especially after the spread of the story of a Palestinian shepherd who He was cured of cancer after using it.

Phytochemical analysis showed that the alcoholic extract contains many bioactive compounds, including terpenes, alkaloids, sterols, carboxylic acids, etc. An estimated 36 metabolites were identified in the ethanolic extract, and 66 metabolites were identified in the methanol extract. The methanol extract was more effective than the ethanolic extract, as the percentage of aromatic compounds, alkaloids, phenols, and ketones was higher. That is, methanol has been shown to be an effective solvent for the extraction of various plant secondary metabolites.

The results also indicated that fatty acids, especially palmitic acid, carbohydrates, and sitosterols constitute the majority of metabolites in the ethanolic extract of E. campylopoda. While aromatic compounds and alkaloids constitute the majority of metabolites in methanol, the qualitative examination of plant metabolites showed that the methanol extract contains a greater number and diversity than ethanol. Finally, these results confirm the presence of various biologically active metabolites, which give lentils high importance at the medical level.

Determination of the total phenolic content of tomato plant treated with exteacts of banana peels(Musa sp.)and horsetail plant(Equsietum arvense)and their effects in stimulating plant resistance against the fungus(Botrytis cinerea).

eid habib, Nawal Ali, Omar Hamoudi — Fri, 26 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The results showed that the methanolic extract of banana peels, when applied sprayed to the leaves at concentrations (1-2-5%), gave successive pathogenicity to the isolate of the fungus B. cinerea (91.66 - 41.66 - 33.33%) compared to the control (91.66%), When used as irrigation in the soil at concentrations (1-2 - 5%), it gave respectively a pathogenicity intensity for the fungus isolate (66.66 -50 – 25)%

When applying the methanol extract of the horsetail plant L. E. arvense sprayed on the leaves at concentrations (1-2-5%), it gave successive pathogenicity to the isolate of the fungus B. cinerea (66.66 - 33.33 - 16.66%) compared to the control (91.66%), when used as irrigation in the soil at concentrations (1 - 2 - 5%), it gave, respectively, a pathogenicity intensity for the fungus isolate (58.33 - 41.66 - 8.33) %).

The results showed an increase in the total phenolic content of tomato plants under the influence of horsetail extract, as it reached in the spraying treatment on the leaves at concentrations (1-2-5%), respectively, mg/L (60-90-115), and in the soil irrigation treatment it reached over Respectively, mg/L (85-125-153), and under the influence of banana peel extract, the total phenolic content of tomato plants in the foliar spraying treatment reached (1-2-5%), respectively, mg/L (54-63-70). In the soil irrigation treatment, it reached (56-66-80) mg/L respectively, compared to the control (60 mg/L (without treatment and with infection).

studying of the concentrations of nutrients and chlorophyll a in summer in the sewage estuaries (outfalls) of the coastal waters in Lattakia city.

kholoud lika, Feirouz Darwich — Fri, 26 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study dealt with determination of nutrient concentrations and their spatial changes in Lattakia city, with identifying the most important hydrological parameters of water (temperature, salinity) affecting the distribution of these nutrients. A summer cruise was carried out in June 2022 in the Southern Cornich area, and determine the two largest sewage sites in it. The highest concentrations of nitrate and ammonium were recorded in the two studied sites, reaching 3.125 and 3.22 μmol/L, respectively, associated with temperature of 30.2 degrees Celsius, and salinity of 38.8‰. No clear differences were recorded in the concentrations of chlorophyll a, as the recorded concentrations ranged between0.200 and 0.412 mg/m³.

Studying of the effect of temperature and culture media on growth of fungus Darluca filum (Biv.)Cast. Isolated from Puccinia coronata Corda. Parasitoid on Avena sterilis L. L.

Rihab ALNAKKAR — Fri, 26 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Abstract.Darluca filum (Biv.)Cast. was isolated from rust fungus Puccinia coronata Corda. parasitoid on Avena sterilis L.

The effect of temperatures 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 C° was studied on the growth of D.filum and its ability to produce and germinate conidia. The optimum temperature for growth mycelium was 35C°, and the optimum degree for sporulation and germination was 30 C°, and germination decreased at temperatures 20 C°. The fungus was able to produce conidia at temperatures from 20-35 C°, and the highest production was at the temperature 30 C° and 25 C°, reached 1.32x 10⁶ spores/ml and 1.13x 10⁶ spores/ml, respectively.

The effect of different media (PDA, SDA, MEA, PGA) on the growth of D.filum was studied under the influence of a constant temperature of 25±1 C°. The results showed that the growth of mycelium was the fastest on MEA culture, and the results showed ability of D.filum to produce spores on all studied cultures with Significant differences between some cultures, and no significant differences others, the fungus gave the best production on SDA culture with 1.532x 10⁶ spores/ml, the highest germination rate was on MEA and PDA cultures, and it ranged between 79.6% and 65% on straight.