دور معايير الجدارة الائتمانية للعميل في عملية اتخاذ القرار الائتماني: دراسة مقارنة بين المصارف التجارية العامة والخاصة في سورية
Abstract
تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى التعرّف على الفروق بين المصارف التجارية العامة والخاصة في سورية حول دور معايير الجدارة الائتمانية للعميل وأهميّتها النسبية في عملية اتخاذ القرار الائتماني. بالإضافة إلى معرفة الفروق بين صلاحيات الفروع في اتخاذ قرار الائتمان. من أجل تحقيق أهداف الدراسة تمّ تصميم استبيان مكوَن من أقسام تغطي محاور الجدارة الائتمانية وفق نموذج 5Cs الذي يضمّ (شخصية العميل Character- قدرة العميل Capability - رأس مال العميل Capital – الضمان Collateral- الظروف الاقتصادية Conditions). استخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي كما تمّ اختبار الفرضيات باستخدام اختبار (T) لعينتين مستقلتين (Independent Sample T-test), من خلال البرنامج SPSS. أظهرت نتائج الدراسة أنّ جميع معايير نموذج 5Cs مهمّة في اتخاذ القرار الائتماني, ولكن تختلف أهميّتها بين المصارف التجارية العامة والخاصة باستثناء معيار الضمان. حيث إنّ المصارف الخاصة تضع أوزاناً أكبر لهذه المعايير. كما يعاني النوعان من المصارف من المركزية في اتخاذ القرار الائتماني وتقييد صلاحيات الفروع في التعامل مع ملفات الإقراض. This study aims at identifying the differences between Syrian commercial public and private banks regarding the role of client's creditworthiness criteria and their relative importance in the credit decision-making process, in addition to recognizing the differences in empowerment between bank's branches in credit decision. To achieve the objectives of the study, a questionnaire is designed to cover the creditworthiness fields according to 5Cs model, which includes (Character- Capability – Capital – Collateral- and Condition). A Descriptive approach is used where hypotheses are tested by Independent Sample T-test from SPSS. The results showed that all 5Cs criteria are important in the credit decision- making process, but their importance differs among private and public commercial banks except for the collateral, where private banks place more weight to this criterion. Both types of banks have a high degree of centralization regarding credit decision, and restrict the power of their branches in dealing with lending files.Downloads
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