Tishreen University Journal -Basic Sciences Series

Assessment of Water Quality of Al-Sain Lake using the Iranian Water Quality Index (〖IRWQI〗_sc)

2024-08-26T09:16:33+00:00

Water Quality Indicators are considered as reliable tools to judge water demand and supply and an important criterion for any monitoring program of the aquatic environment to manage and monitor water to ensure it remains within the required quality limits. This research aims to assess the water quality of Al-Sain Lake, which primarily supplies the city of Latakia and part of Tartous. In this study, we investigated a range of physical and chemical factors of the lake water during the years 2021, 2022, and 2023. Samples were taken from three different monitoring sites following an approved program by those responsible for monitoring and protecting the lake. The Iranian Water Quality Index for Surface Water Resources () was utilized to calculate the water quality, considering indicators such as: pH, ammonium (), nitrate (), phosphate (), turbidity (TUR), electrical conductivity (EC), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved oxygen (DO), total hardness (TH) and fecal coliforms (FC). The study results indicated that the water quality in the lake was within the good category at all designated monitoring points during the years 2021, 2022, and 2023, with a slight improvement in quality in 2021 and 2022 and a slight decrease in 2023 while still remaining within the good classification range.

Calculating Effective Mass in Aluminum Oxide and Studying Current Distribution as a Function of Field and Temperature Using Fowler-Nordheim Function

2024-06-27T07:14:40+00:00

In this study, the effective mass of aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) and current distribution as a function of electric field and temperature were investigated using the elliptic Fowler-Nordheim function. The research highlights the changes in the effective mass due to environmental factors and the crystal structure. It demonstrates that the effective mass of aluminum oxide differs when it is surrounded by two layers of aluminum compared to when it forms independently. This is attributed to stress effects, surface boundaries, charge distribution, and quantum effects.

The effective mass was calculated by analyzing the curvature of energy levels using the second derivative of energy with respect to the wave vector. Experimental data were employed to plot the relationship between current distribution, electric field, and temperature. The results showed an exponential increase in current with an increase in field and temperature, emphasizing the sensitivity of aluminum oxide to these factors. The graphical representation also demonstrated the relationship between current and temperature variations with correlation equations that elucidate the system dynamics.

These findings are of great significance in microelectronics applications, such as designing insulating layers for semiconductors, solar cells, and optoelectronic systems. The researchers highlighted the potential of leveraging aluminum oxide properties to enhance device performance by controlling the effective mass. The study also emphasized the need for further research to include additional factors such as pressure and impurities to improve result accuracy.

This research forms a foundation for understanding the electronic properties of aluminum oxide and its relationship with environmental factors, paving the way for its use in advanced industrial and technological applications.

Keywords: Effective Mass - Fowler-Nordheim - Al₂O₃ - Current Distribution

Encapsulation of curcumin and diclofenac mixture with sodium alginate and chitosan and evaluation of the encapsulation efficiency

2024-06-26T03:44:48+00:00

Curcumin synergizes with diclofenac to achieve a dose-related anti-inflammatory effect. Curcumin has an activity similar to that of diclofenac, allowing for reduction in side effects. Curcumin inhibits enzymes in the digestive system that destroy diclofenac, which increases the bioavailability of diclofenac, micro capsules of a mixture of curcumin and diclofenac were prepared using polymeric coatings such as sodium alginate with different concentrations and chitosan with specific concentrations in combination with sodium alginate of constant concentration after adding it to a calcium chloride solution.

The encapsulation efficiency when using sodium with a concentration of (3.5%), and calcium chloride with concentration of (2.5%), was 89.5% for curcumin and 98.3% for diclofenac. As for chitosan with sodium alginate at concentrations (0.5 to 3.5) %, the encapsulation rate for curcumin was 85.9% and for diclofenac was 87.5%, as the research results confirm that It is possible to adopt this method in encapsulation of a mixture of curcumin and diclofenac because it is fast, accurate, and has very good encapsulation efficiency.

Developing an analytical method for mercury speciation in natural waters

2024-07-03T04:01:02+00:00

In this research, an analytical method was developed to extract total, organic and inorganic mercury from natural waters by Solid- Phase Extraction using modified and activated silica gel as solid phases, and the concentrations of each were determined using cold vapor technique (Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrometry: CV-AAS). The silica gel was modified using ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (APDC), while the silica gel was activated using chloroform. The extraction process was studied within the range (pH: 2-10), while the recovery process for total, organic and inorganic mercury from the surface of silica gel was studied within the concentration range (1-7 M) for nitric acid. As for method validation, this was done by comparing the results obtained with the results of reference methods. The results showed that the percentage of extraction of inorganic mercury using activated silica gel reached (97.3%) at (pH = 4), while the percentage of extraction of organic mercury using modified silica gel reached (99.3%) at (pH = 3). As for total mercury, it was Its extraction rate is (99.6%) at (pH=3). Regarding recovery, the highest percentage was at the concentration of nitric acid (6 M) for total, organic and inorganic mercury, with pre-concentration factor (100). The capacity of activated silica gel and modified silica gel are (628.44 µg/g), (1022.04 µg/g) respectively. Finally, the method detection limit of the new method was (0.12 ng/l).

The Effect of some Characteristics of Soils Surrounding the Lake of Al-Sin (Baniyas) on the Adsorption of Phosphate Ion

2024-06-23T03:44:19+00:00

يتأثر امتزاز أيون الفوسفات بشكل مباشر بالخصائص الكيميائية للتربة مما يؤثر على سلوك أيون الفوسفات وارتباطه بمكونات التربة. وقد أظهرت دراسة خصائص التربة في منطقة الدراسة أن هذه التربة ذات حموضة معتدلة تميل إلى القلوية قليلاً، وتحتوي على نسبة عالية من كربونات الكالسيوم والمواد العضوية. كما تبين وفقاً لنتائج التصنيف أن هذه الترب تتكون من ترب طينية بنسبة عالية، وترب طينية لومية وترب لومية بنسبة أقل.

أظهرت دراسة الخصائص الامتزازية للترب في منطقة الدراسة أن السعة الامتزازية العظمى (qmax) لأيون الفوسفات في هذه الترب تقع ضمن المجال (239-621 mg/kg.. وبحسب المواقع المدروسة كانت قيم السعة الامتزازية العظمى وفق الترتيب التالي: جيبول< الراهبية< بيت العلوني< القطيلبية< بسطوير< قرفيص< بيت عانا< نبع الواحة. وقد أظهرت دراسة إيزوثيرمات الامتزاز ملاءمة جيدة لنموذج فروندليتش وفقاً لقيم معامل الارتباط (0.87-0.99).

بينت نتائج الدراسة الإحصائية أن السعة الامتزازية العظمى ((qmax، كمؤشر على الامتزاز الأعظمي لأيون الفوسفات، يرتبط مع المتغيرات الآتية: الأس الهيدروجيني pH، وكربونات الكالسيوم CaCO3 وفقاً للقيم الآتية على الترتيب (0.952, .(0.927

Studying the effect of paint on the absorption of some zinc alloys for light rays

2024-07-27T04:21:27+00:00

In this research we have studied the effect of paint on the absorption of some zinc alloys for light rays.and that for certain superficial density for the paint we have used. These painted alloys can be used as thermal sensors in the devices that measuring the intensity of solar radiation. To complete the study, we calculated the thermal energy absorbed by these painted samples when exposed to direct solar radiation. The total direct solar radiation energy can be calculated using the regulatory laws and some computer programs. This study was conducted in the city of Jableh, which is located at sea level.

And in this research we have studied the relationship between the absorption and atomic number of these alloys, and the relationship between the absorption and the percentage of zinc in these alloys we have used. this research showed that the absorbed energy by these painted metals increase with the atomic number of these alloys ,and it also increase with the percentage of zinc in these alloys.

A Comprehensive Geochemical Study of Al-Debaneh Source Rock in Al-Mhash Block, Central Euphrates Depression, Syria

2024-06-02T02:57:39+00:00

This study presents a geochemical analysis of the Debaneh formation in the Al-Mhash block located in the Central Euphrates depression of Syria. The primary objective of this research was to assess the organic matter within the rock formation, focusing on its origin, composition, maturation, and its Total Organic Carbon content. Specifically through unconventional geochemical parameters, which has not been previously done. The organic matter was extracted for analysis. Trace elements (V, Cr, Co, Ni, Sr) were meticulously examined and compared in terms of their distribution patterns and content between both the rock and the organic matter. In Addition, the organic carbon content was estimated, and various elemental ratios such as V/V+Ni, Ni/Co, H/C, and TOC were studied. The results suggest that both the rock and the organic matter share a common origin and were deposited at the same time. In addition, it is noted that the organic matter is of terrestrial origin (terrestrial plant debris input dominance) with a level of maturation is relatively not very well developed. It should be noted that the methodology used in this study differs from traditional methods as it incorporates (mainly) inorganic geochemistry in many aspects to address a topic that has historically been addressed only by organic geochemistry (biomarkers, etc.). This innovative technology is relatively new in the region and represents pioneering work in this field.

Study the effect of temperature and shear stresses on flow behavior Polylactic acid – polybutene-1 (PLA/PB-1) molten mixture

2024-06-02T02:34:04+00:00

In this research, we have studied the rheological properties of samples of PLA / PB-1 mixtures under the influence of high shear stress and different temperatures, where mixture were prepared in proportion 70/ 30 The mixture was prepared in preparation for the tests in the viscometer Then study the viscous properties by determining the viscosity and viscous activation energy (E) at constant shear stress, constant shear rate and through Newton's index (n).

The real viscosity transformations were also studied in terms of the inverse of temperature to determine the activation energy at constant shear stresses and constant shear speed, as the activation energy is useful in determining the sensitivity of the polymer's viscosity to temperature change.

The elastic properties of the studied mixtures were also studied using Barus technology, and it was found that the rate of swelling increases with the increase in shear stress, and it was found that there is no significant effect on the swelling coefficient B.

Synthesis of compound has the total Chemical formula C15H12PSNO3 and determination of some of its physical properties and extraction capacity of ions Znic (II) and magnesium (II) ions from their aqueous media

2024-06-02T02:48:25+00:00

The O,O-(Di)(8-quinolines)Thiophosphric acid was formulated with the chemical formula C₁₈H₁₃PSN₂O₃ to be used as a solvent extract of Znic (II) and magnesium (II) ions from their aqueous media.

The identification of the compound was determined using IR and NMR spectroscopy and some physical properties (melting point, color and appearance) were determined. The ratio of some elements in the prepared compound: sulfur, phosphorus and carbon was determined according to the methods mentioned in the international references UOP and ASTM and Some factors influencing the extraction process, such as stirring time, were investigated to achieve the equilibrium and concentration associated with the organic phase, the pH effect and the ratio of the aqueous phase to organic phase. The percentage of extraction were also calculated.

Chemical Content Analysis of Syrian Fig Latex Extracts

2024-07-14T03:58:49+00:00

Samples of fig tree fruit latex were extracted with n- hexane, methanol, dichloromethane and then the contents of the extract were determined using technology of GC/MS.

The percentage of extracted substances is 10%, 11.4%, 8.2% of the weight of the studied latex. 23, 21, 16 compounds were identified in the extracts. These compounds constitute 99.9%, 97%, 100% of the n- hexane, methanol, dichloromethane extracts respectively.

It was also noted that the most important compounds found in the extracts of fig fruit latex are:

n- hexane extract: Lupeol acetate 52.3%, Cycloeucalenol acetate 16.8%, β-Amyrin 8.9%, Lupeol 5.6%, Cycloartenol acetate 5.2%.

methanol extract: Betulin 32.7%, 28-(Acetyloxy)urs-20(30)-en-3-yl acetate 25.2 %, Lanosta-8,24-diene-3,22-diol-diacetate (3β,22R) 22.6 %, Oxolinic acid 10.2 %.

dichloromethane extract: Betulin.45.7%, Lanosta-8,24-diene-3,22-diol-diacetate (3β,22R) 24.2 %, Oxolinic acid 10.5 %, Lupa-13(18),22-dien-3-ol- acetate 9.9%.

Quantum-Mechanic Investigation of the Nickel-Catalyzed [3+2+2] Cocyclization of Ethyl Cyclopropylideneacetate with two Alkynes

2024-08-26T20:57:36+00:00

The mechanism of the Ni(0)-catalyzed [3+2+2] cyclization of cyclopropyl-ideneacetate with two alkynes was investigated using the M06-2X function with two base sets def2-SVP for the main elements and def2-TSVP for the nickel atom. Only the pathway leading to the formation of 3,4- or 3,5-disubstituted products via [3+2] cocyclization was studied, with the previously proposed mechanism being reconsidered to include the return of the ligand in the final step after its removal in the initial step of the reaction. Previous studies indicate that the 2,5-disubstituted products can be formed preferentially via nickelacyclopentadienes generated by [2 + 2] cocyclization when using strongly electron-deficient alkenes. Our computational results indicate that electron-rich substituted alkenes (such as HCCSiMe3) or bulky (such as HC CtBu) lead to the formation of 3,5-disubstituted products, and the former is more active than the latter, which requires a lower activation energy of about 3.2 kcal/mol. While less-congested or simple substituted alkenes (such as HC CMe3 or (HC CPh) lead to the formation of 3,4-disubstituted products, and the former is more active than the latter ((E# = 2.6 kcal/mol). Our theoretical results agree with previous theoretical and experimental studies.

Estimates for Fekete-Szegö Inequalitie in New Subclasses of Bi-Univalent Functions Defined by Subordinate and Integration Operators

2024-05-09T03:13:23+00:00

In this research, we present an estimate of the Fekete-Szegö inequality and the Hankel determinant of second order in some bi-univalent functions classes after we were able to use the Komatu integral operator and the exponential function, as well as the principle of dependency in setting definitions for two new classes of bi-univalent functions classes, where an estimate was found for the initial coefficients in previous studies.

The identification and detection of curcumin and its constituent compounds using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technology, and determination of the optimal conditions for the developed analytical method

2024-05-19T05:03:52+00:00

This study aimed to develop a sensitive and accurate analytical method to determine and

detect curcumin using high-performance liquid chromatography HPLC. Optimal conditions such as mobile phase, temperature, flow speed, and the maximum wavelength for analysis λ_max were studied. The study was carried out on a standard solution of curcumin with a concentration of (40ppm) and a separation column (C₁₈) was used with specifications (250 ×4.6m.m.5μm).

The results showed the optimal conditions were as follows: the flow speed of the mobile

phase was (0.8 ml/min) as a mixture of acetonitrile and phosphoric acid (0.1%) in a ratio of (40:60 v/v), the temperature of the separation column was (40 ̊C), while λmax was (425nm).

Curcumin showed three peaks with average area (X₁=87279, X₂=881260, X₃=7641952),

at average retention time (T₁=6.31, T₂=6.87, T₃=7.50) min with relative standard deviation (RSD%) (0.83, 0.08, 0.01) respectively, the sum of the average areas of the peaks was (X_t=8610491).

The calibration curve for curcumin and its three compounds was characterized by good

linearity within a range of concentrations ranging from (0.001-40)ppm. The recoverability R% was calculated and was (99.66%). The limit of quantitative detection LOQ was (0.056 ppb), and the qualitative limit of detection LOD was (0.009 ppb). The results confirm the possibility of adopting this method to determine curcumin and its various compounds.

Study of the total concentration and morphological distribution of some heavy metal elements in benthic sediments within some open and closed ecosystems

2024-05-19T04:57:16+00:00

In this research, the total concentration and morphological distribution of elements (Hg, Pb & Cd) in bottom sediments were determined within two study sites, the first site was Lake 16 Tishreen Dam and the second was the mouth of the Al-Kabir Al-Shamali River. The values of the total concentrations of the studied elements ranged as follows: Hg(1.58-0.25), Pb(28.45-6.22), Cd(5.69-0.85) (mg/kg). The highest values of these elements were recorded during the summer at the downstream site, while the lowest values were recorded. Values for concentrations during the winter at the dam site. As for the results of sequential extraction, the following values were recorded: the element lead was present in the highest percentage in the residual form (59.18%), while the percentage of its presence in the recoverable form recorded the lowest value (9.15%). As for the element cadmium, it was present in the highest percentage in the extractable form (43.56%) While the percentage of the traceable form was the lowest (15.24%), and finally, mercury concentrations recorded the highest values within the extractable form (55.35%), while the lowest percentage was within the residual form (4.87%).

Preparation and Characterization of New Ion Selective Electrode for Determination of Vitamin B6

2024-05-19T04:59:42+00:00

A simple and rapid electrochemical sensor has been developed to determine the concentration of pyridoxine chloride (vitamin B₆). This method is based on the ion-association complex of the pyridoxine hydrochloride with cobalt chloride as ion pair in paste carbon electrode, and paraffin oil as a plasticizer.

The electrode shows a Nernstian response within a range of concentrations (1×10^-6-1×10^-2) mol/L within a temperature range of (20-40)⁰C and a pH range of pH(2-4). It gave a Nernstian slope of 56.206±2mv/decade, a response time of 45sec, and a detection limit of 1.79×10^-6 mol/L. It was also shown by calculating selectivity coefficients using Matched potential method that the proposed electrode shows high selectivity for vitamin B6 in the presence of a number of interfering ions..

The concentration of vitamin B₆ in some pharmaceutical preparations was determined using the proposed method, giving a recovery of 100.9% and 101.8%. Comparison was also made with a reference method, and it was noted that there was good agreement in the results between the two methods, Therefore, this selective electrode can be adopted as a potential method for determining vitamin B₆.

Keywords: pyridoxine hydrochloride, paste carbon electrode, pharmaceutical preparations.

Developing a new spectrophotometric method for analyzing valsartan by forming a colored complex with the organic reagent AAN and studying its pharmaceutical applications

2024-07-08T10:55:23+00:00

This research reviews the solubility test of the pharmaceutical valsartan .where the solubility test aims to measure the ability of the drug to dissolve in various liquids, and gives an idea of the availability of the drug and the speed of its absorption in the body.a new spectrophotometric method has been developed to determine the concentration of valsartan released from tablets. It was also complexed with the organic reagent, 3,2,7-trihydroxy-4-(bis)azonaphthalene sulfonic acid (AAN), and the reagent was prepared in the laboratory in three main steps. The steps included preparing the diazonium salt from the aromatic amine, then preparing a solution of 3,6-dihydroxynaphthalene at a concentration (0.01M), and then slowly adding the diazonium salt solution to the 3,6-dihydroxynaphthalene solution (0.01M). The solution was dried in air and an amount of HCl was added to purify it. The organic compound (AAN) was complexed with valsartan and a spectroscopic scanning process of the complexation reaction product was performed. The results showed that the maximum wavelength of the complex is at (450nm). . The amount released in all studied tablets after 30 minutes from the start of the test is not less than 80% of the amount of valsartan labeled on the tablets.Therefore it is acceptable according to the British pharmacopoeia.

Study the Effect of Some Factors on the Determination of Mercury by Cold Vapor Technique (CV-AAS)

2024-04-16T12:21:10+00:00

In this research, the optimal conditions for some factors affecting the determination of mercury concentrations by Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrometry method were studied. These factors included: delay time, in addition to both: Reductant concentration and Linearity of Calibration Curve. The delay time was studied within the range (30 - 60 S), while the concentrations of the reductant were studied within the range (1 – 12 % w/v), As for the linearity of the calibration curve, the atomic absorbance was measured within the range of mercury concentrations (5 - 100 µg/L). The results related to the delay time showed that the highest atomic absorbance obtained for mercury was at a time of (60 S), while the highest atomic absorbance was recorded for the reductant was at the concentration (5 % w/v). On the other hand, with regard to linearity of calibration curve, the results showed the existence of a very strong linear relationship between the concentration of mercury and the atomic absorbance within the studied range, where the value of the correlation coefficient reached the value of (R² = 0.997). As for the detection limit under the previous optimal conditions, it recorded a value of (0.012 µg/l), which is the minimum concentration of mercury that can be measured by the atomic absorption method using the cold steam technique.

Features of ophiolite movement in the Baluran- Al-Zaytouna- Beit Al-Qusayr sites

2024-06-25T04:28:05+00:00

This research presents a petrographic study of the rocks of the ophiolitic complex at the sites of Baloran Al-Zaytouna and Beit Al-Qasir Which is located in northwestern Syria, northwest of the city of Latakia.

This research aims to clarify the movement of ophiolites over the sites of Baloran, Al-Zaytouna, and Beit Al-Qasir, and to determine the distance of the ophiolite blocks from each other.

Field tours were carried out, geological sections were uploaded, and rock slides were studied to interpret the movement of ophiolites in the studied sites, as the Baloran area is considered a dividing line between ophiolite rocks and carbonate rocks (south-eastern border) Where the ophiolite begins directly at the Baloran Dam, represented by the upper pillow lava (the upper part of the ophiolite The absence of the lower pillow lava, Followed by rocks of the volcanic-sedimentary formation represented by radiolarite and colored marly clay layers on the western end of the Bluran Dam, with the absence of limestone rock and breccia.

Gabbro-dolorite clasts (the central part of the ophiolite) appear near the village of Zaytouna-Beit Qusayr, and this indicates a divergent systematic placement as a result of thrusting processes towards the southeast, where the pillow lava and radiolarite diverged from the gabbro-dolorite clasts by a distance of more than 1000 m.

propagation of laser Beam in under boundary density plasma

2024-04-01T05:57:12+00:00

During this research, the propagation of a laser beam in a plasma under the critical density was studied analytically and numerically, To find changes in the parameters of Gaussian beams, such as the Waist, spot of the laser beam, radius of curvature, atmospheric phase, and beam intensity, This is after making an amendment to the electrical permittivity of the plasma medium by introducing the concept of fast and slow time scales to treat both the electric field and the polarization vector according to these two scales .

Through this study, we achieved noticeable changes in the parameters of the Gaussian beam compared to what others have achieved in this field. Which is useful in a deeper understanding of the properties of these parameters by taking into account the active electrons that move towards the laser beam.

Synthesis of Some New Heterocyclic Compounds [(-1,3,4-oxadiazole), (1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol), (1,3,4-thiadiazole), (1,2,4-triazin-5-one), (1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol)] containing Fluorine moiety, Derived from 9H-fluorene-2-carboxylic acid

2024-05-19T04:36:14+00:00

A series of new fluorine derivative have been synthesized. The compound (1) was prepared by esterification of 9H-fluorene-2-carboxylic acid with concentratedsulphuricacid in absolute ethanol. The compound (2) was prepared by treatment fluorine etanawate with hydrate hydrazine in absolute ethanol. compound (2) with carbon disulphide in alkaline medium afforded after acidic treatment the compound (3). The compound (4) was prepared by condensation of compound (2) with 2-chloroacetamide.The compound (5) was prepared by treatment of compound (2) with phenylisothiocyanate.

The compound (5) was oxidatively cyclised to the compound (6) by elimination of H₂S using iodine and potassium iodide in ethanolic sodium hydroxide. The compound (7) was obtained by cyclisation of the compound (5) by treating with cold concentrated sulphuric acid. The compound (5) by heating with 4N(NaOH) through dehydration to afford the compound (8).

The structures of synthesized compounds has been established on the basis of their spectral (FT-IR, ¹H-NMR,¹³C-NMR, elemental analysis) data. TLC confirmed the purity of the compounds.

Calculating the mognons Energy in ferromagnetic materill with spin S=1/2 in complex coordinate system

2024-04-16T11:24:10+00:00

This research aimes to studasome nonlinear phynomenons wich, noticed in magnetic systems (ferromagnetic material) that produced from primer dicturbance of moments, that erranged in parallel and in the same direction, because they affected by externol factor (magnetic field , which has constant intensity and variable direction or variable intensity and constant direction or thermol effect ) that seemed in waves form propecate in crystal and called spin waves (magnons). To determine the propecation energy of those, that relates with the propaple positions of magnetic moments, it was no other way unless finding of suitable wave function , that notice positions in selected coordinate,and thise to find the hameltonian and Lagrangian and then the dynamic equation to got that scuttering laws and the energy states ofter then we show the range of the effect of nonhemogenous (anisotropy) single axe on the propaction energy of those waves , and that was according to nonhemogeneous unic ion Heisenberg model ,and this showed that this method anable us to got suhroendenger equation ,that discripes the motion of the elementary particles and this unoples us to got the eigen values of energy.

Development of dolomite crystals during diagenesis in the lower Jurassic deposits in the AL-Querdaha sheet.

2024-05-19T04:35:08+00:00

This study was carried out in the northern part of the Qardaha area (Shatha village), located in the middle of the coastal chain in northwestern Syria, to determining the diagenetic stages in which the dolomitization occurred, in addition to the depth and temperatures of the diagenetic environments in which dolomite crystals were formed, given the importance of the dolomitization. And its role in understanding Diagenetic history in the area. stratigraphic sections were raised of the Lower Jurassic deposits there, 20 rock samples were collected from these deposits. And prepared to study them under a polarizing microscope, to determine their petrographic composition and morphology of dolomite crystals. The study showed the presence of several types of dolomite crystals formed at different diagenetic depths. The first type (I) is dolomicrite with a planar texture and subhedral crystals. The second type (II) is fine-crystalline dolomite with non-planar texture. The third type (III) is cemente dolomite with non-planar texture, the fourth type (IV) is composed rhombic flats of dolomite crystal, which include the tectonic uplift processes to which the area was exposed. The study also showed the presence of two types of stylolite formed as a result of compression of sediments during diagenesis: the first type is impermeable (closed). It separates dolomicrite from fine-crystalline dolomite. The second type is open and leads to the restriction of diagenetic reactions and the formation of cemented dolomite and micrite clay. It also revealed the presence of microscopic faults that affected the stylolite and led to an increase in the size of the dolomite crystals.

USING TRUST REGION TECHNIQUES FOR SOLVING NONLINEAR SYSTEM OF EQUATIONS

2024-05-19T04:33:28+00:00

The Trust region method is one of the most effective and common methods for solving nonlinear system of equations. In this paper, a numerical method was presented for solving sets of nonlinear equations. The proposed method is based on the Trust region strategy, adaptive radius, and conjugate gradient methods (CG) that are used when the Trust region algorithm is unsuccessful, a family of CG methods is used to prevent resolving the trust-region subproblem has a high computational cost. The proposed method contributes to activating the adaptive radius of the Trust region in an appropriate manner for convergence, improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the Trust region, and thus reducing the computational cost of the algorithm. Has been proven Convergence the proposed Trust region.and tested by solving four standard test problems found in previous studies and by comparing the results obtained with the results of other methods, showing the efficiency and numerical accuracy of the proposed method.

Study of rational points on the elliptic curve

2024-02-04T04:39:28+00:00

This research focused on studying of a special type of curves given by non-singular weierstrass equation which called elliptic curves, the study of elliptic curves had answered many of purely theoretical questions asked by mathematicians , and it has great importance at the presenttime for its use inencryption,which depends on the algebraic structure of these curves ,so it has been the focus of attention of many recent studies.

One of the most important theorems is Nagell-lutz theorem which used in the studying of elliptic curves since it is a practical tool in finding all rational points of finite order on an elliptic curve over the rationals , the fundamental concepts were employed in the theory of projective geometry including the theorem of bezout to get the consequences of this study, this paper have focused on finding the rank of elliptic curves which has at least rational point of order two .

in addition to obtaining some important results related to these curves.

Geological and geochemical study of the rocks of the volcanic-sedimentary formation in Sheikh Hassan –Al-Asfoura and Umm Al-Tuyour

2024-02-27T05:29:06+00:00

Two geological sections within the work area were implemented and studied (Sheikh Hassan-Al-Asfoura section, and Umm Al-Tuyour section). The Sheikh Hassan-Al-Asfoura section is considered one of the sites where the entire rocks of the volcanic-sedimentary formation can be seen with a total thickness of up to 1000 m, in addition to the richness of the rock formations in this site with manganese ore. While the Umm al-Tuyur site includes an integrated section of the volcanic-sedimentary formation and ophiolitic rocks. Petrographic studies were conducted on rock samples (20 microscopic slides), and the results showed that volcanic-sedimentary rocks are represented by two types: The first type is sedimentary and includes siliceous- claycareous rocks, claycareous -siliceous rocks, radiolarite silicate rocks, calcareous rocks, and calcareous-volcanic rocks. The second style is volcanic and includes diabase rocks, pillow lapa rocks, and volcanic tuff rocks, which are considered the products of subducted alkaline volcanism and are located within the sedimentary style. The results confirmed the consistency of the two field and laboratory studies. The results of geochemical analyzes of /10/ rock samples confirmed the presence of the studied igneous and sedimentary petrographic types.