Tishreen University Journal -Basic Sciences Series

Assessment of Water Quality of Al-Sain Lake using the Iranian Water Quality Index (〖IRWQI〗_sc)

Zaina Mayea — 2024-11-02

Water Quality Indicators are considered as reliable tools to judge water demand and supply and an important criterion for any monitoring program of the aquatic environment to manage and monitor water to ensure it remains within the required quality limits. This research aims to assess the water quality of Al-Sain Lake, which primarily supplies the city of Latakia and part of Tartous. In this study, we investigated a range of physical and chemical factors of the lake water during the years 2021, 2022, and 2023. Samples were taken from three different monitoring sites following an approved program by those responsible for monitoring and protecting the lake. The Iranian Water Quality Index for Surface Water Resources () was utilized to calculate the water quality, considering indicators such as: pH, ammonium (), nitrate (), phosphate (), turbidity (TUR), electrical conductivity (EC), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved oxygen (DO), total hardness (TH) and fecal coliforms (FC). The study results indicated that the water quality in the lake was within the good category at all designated monitoring points during the years 2021, 2022, and 2023, with a slight improvement in quality in 2021 and 2022 and a slight decrease in 2023 while still remaining within the good classification range.

A Comprehensive Geochemical Study of Al-Debaneh Source Rock in Al-Mhash Block, Central Euphrates Depression, Syria

bashar baghdadi — 2024-11-02

This study presents a geochemical analysis of the Debaneh formation in the Al-Mhash block located in the Central Euphrates depression of Syria. The primary objective of this research was to assess the organic matter within the rock formation, focusing on its origin, composition, maturation, and its Total Organic Carbon content. Specifically through unconventional geochemical parameters, which has not been previously done. The organic matter was extracted for analysis. Trace elements (V, Cr, Co, Ni, Sr) were meticulously examined and compared in terms of their distribution patterns and content between both the rock and the organic matter. In Addition, the organic carbon content was estimated, and various elemental ratios such as V/V+Ni, Ni/Co, H/C, and TOC were studied. The results suggest that both the rock and the organic matter share a common origin and were deposited at the same time. In addition, it is noted that the organic matter is of terrestrial origin (terrestrial plant debris input dominance) with a level of maturation is relatively not very well developed. It should be noted that the methodology used in this study differs from traditional methods as it incorporates (mainly) inorganic geochemistry in many aspects to address a topic that has historically been addressed only by organic geochemistry (biomarkers, etc.). This innovative technology is relatively new in the region and represents pioneering work in this field.

Estimates for Fekete-Szegö Inequalitie in New Subclasses of Bi-Univalent Functions Defined by Subordinate and Integration Operators

majd ayash — 2024-11-02

In this research, we present an estimate of the Fekete-Szegö inequality and the Hankel determinant of second order in some bi-univalent functions classes after we were able to use the Komatu integral operator and the exponential function, as well as the principle of dependency in setting definitions for two new classes of bi-univalent functions classes, where an estimate was found for the initial coefficients in previous studies.

The identification and detection of curcumin and its constituent compounds using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technology, and determination of the optimal conditions for the developed analytical method

Riham Moalla — 2024-11-02

This study aimed to develop a sensitive and accurate analytical method to determine and

detect curcumin using high-performance liquid chromatography HPLC. Optimal conditions such as mobile phase, temperature, flow speed, and the maximum wavelength for analysis λ_max were studied. The study was carried out on a standard solution of curcumin with a concentration of (40ppm) and a separation column (C₁₈) was used with specifications (250 ×4.6m.m.5μm).

The results showed the optimal conditions were as follows: the flow speed of the mobile

phase was (0.8 ml/min) as a mixture of acetonitrile and phosphoric acid (0.1%) in a ratio of (40:60 v/v), the temperature of the separation column was (40 ̊C), while λmax was (425nm).

Curcumin showed three peaks with average area (X₁=87279, X₂=881260, X₃=7641952),

at average retention time (T₁=6.31, T₂=6.87, T₃=7.50) min with relative standard deviation (RSD%) (0.83, 0.08, 0.01) respectively, the sum of the average areas of the peaks was (X_t=8610491).

The calibration curve for curcumin and its three compounds was characterized by good

linearity within a range of concentrations ranging from (0.001-40)ppm. The recoverability R% was calculated and was (99.66%). The limit of quantitative detection LOQ was (0.056 ppb), and the qualitative limit of detection LOD was (0.009 ppb). The results confirm the possibility of adopting this method to determine curcumin and its various compounds.

Study the Effect of Some Factors on the Determination of Mercury by Cold Vapor Technique (CV-AAS)

Osama Abdo — 2024-11-02

In this research, the optimal conditions for some factors affecting the determination of mercury concentrations by Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrometry method were studied. These factors included: delay time, in addition to both: Reductant concentration and Linearity of Calibration Curve. The delay time was studied within the range (30 - 60 S), while the concentrations of the reductant were studied within the range (1 – 12 % w/v), As for the linearity of the calibration curve, the atomic absorbance was measured within the range of mercury concentrations (5 - 100 µg/L). The results related to the delay time showed that the highest atomic absorbance obtained for mercury was at a time of (60 S), while the highest atomic absorbance was recorded for the reductant was at the concentration (5 % w/v). On the other hand, with regard to linearity of calibration curve, the results showed the existence of a very strong linear relationship between the concentration of mercury and the atomic absorbance within the studied range, where the value of the correlation coefficient reached the value of (R² = 0.997). As for the detection limit under the previous optimal conditions, it recorded a value of (0.012 µg/l), which is the minimum concentration of mercury that can be measured by the atomic absorption method using the cold steam technique.

propagation of laser Beam in under boundary density plasma

Jaafar ammoun — 2024-11-02

During this research, the propagation of a laser beam in a plasma under the critical density was studied analytically and numerically, To find changes in the parameters of Gaussian beams, such as the Waist, spot of the laser beam, radius of curvature, atmospheric phase, and beam intensity, This is after making an amendment to the electrical permittivity of the plasma medium by introducing the concept of fast and slow time scales to treat both the electric field and the polarization vector according to these two scales .

Through this study, we achieved noticeable changes in the parameters of the Gaussian beam compared to what others have achieved in this field. Which is useful in a deeper understanding of the properties of these parameters by taking into account the active electrons that move towards the laser beam.

Synthesis of Some New Heterocyclic Compounds [(-1,3,4-oxadiazole), (1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol), (1,3,4-thiadiazole), (1,2,4-triazin-5-one), (1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol)] containing Fluorine moiety, Derived from 9H-fluorene-2-carboxylic acid

thawra ahmad — 2024-11-02

A series of new fluorine derivative have been synthesized. The compound (1) was prepared by esterification of 9H-fluorene-2-carboxylic acid with concentratedsulphuricacid in absolute ethanol. The compound (2) was prepared by treatment fluorine etanawate with hydrate hydrazine in absolute ethanol. compound (2) with carbon disulphide in alkaline medium afforded after acidic treatment the compound (3). The compound (4) was prepared by condensation of compound (2) with 2-chloroacetamide.The compound (5) was prepared by treatment of compound (2) with phenylisothiocyanate.

The compound (5) was oxidatively cyclised to the compound (6) by elimination of H₂S using iodine and potassium iodide in ethanolic sodium hydroxide. The compound (7) was obtained by cyclisation of the compound (5) by treating with cold concentrated sulphuric acid. The compound (5) by heating with 4N(NaOH) through dehydration to afford the compound (8).

The structures of synthesized compounds has been established on the basis of their spectral (FT-IR, ¹H-NMR,¹³C-NMR, elemental analysis) data. TLC confirmed the purity of the compounds.

Calculating the mognons Energy in ferromagnetic materill with spin S=1/2 in complex coordinate system

ziead rostom — 2024-11-02

This research aimes to studasome nonlinear phynomenons wich, noticed in magnetic systems (ferromagnetic material) that produced from primer dicturbance of moments, that erranged in parallel and in the same direction, because they affected by externol factor (magnetic field , which has constant intensity and variable direction or variable intensity and constant direction or thermol effect ) that seemed in waves form propecate in crystal and called spin waves (magnons). To determine the propecation energy of those, that relates with the propaple positions of magnetic moments, it was no other way unless finding of suitable wave function , that notice positions in selected coordinate,and thise to find the hameltonian and Lagrangian and then the dynamic equation to got that scuttering laws and the energy states ofter then we show the range of the effect of nonhemogenous (anisotropy) single axe on the propaction energy of those waves , and that was according to nonhemogeneous unic ion Heisenberg model ,and this showed that this method anable us to got suhroendenger equation ,that discripes the motion of the elementary particles and this unoples us to got the eigen values of energy.

USING TRUST REGION TECHNIQUES FOR SOLVING NONLINEAR SYSTEM OF EQUATIONS

Gaafar Dayoub — 2024-11-02

The Trust region method is one of the most effective and common methods for solving nonlinear system of equations. In this paper, a numerical method was presented for solving sets of nonlinear equations. The proposed method is based on the Trust region strategy, adaptive radius, and conjugate gradient methods (CG) that are used when the Trust region algorithm is unsuccessful, a family of CG methods is used to prevent resolving the trust-region subproblem has a high computational cost. The proposed method contributes to activating the adaptive radius of the Trust region in an appropriate manner for convergence, improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the Trust region, and thus reducing the computational cost of the algorithm. Has been proven Convergence the proposed Trust region.and tested by solving four standard test problems found in previous studies and by comparing the results obtained with the results of other methods, showing the efficiency and numerical accuracy of the proposed method.

Study of rational points on the elliptic curve

mariam alshatoury — 2024-06-08

This research focused on studying of a special type of curves given by non-singular weierstrass equation which called elliptic curves, the study of elliptic curves had answered many of purely theoretical questions asked by mathematicians , and it has great importance at the presenttime for its use inencryption,which depends on the algebraic structure of these curves ,so it has been the focus of attention of many recent studies.

One of the most important theorems is Nagell-lutz theorem which used in the studying of elliptic curves since it is a practical tool in finding all rational points of finite order on an elliptic curve over the rationals , the fundamental concepts were employed in the theory of projective geometry including the theorem of bezout to get the consequences of this study, this paper have focused on finding the rank of elliptic curves which has at least rational point of order two .

in addition to obtaining some important results related to these curves.

Geological and geochemical study of the rocks of the volcanic-sedimentary formation in Sheikh Hassan –Al-Asfoura and Umm Al-Tuyour

Morhaf Akel — 2024-11-02

Two geological sections within the work area were implemented and studied (Sheikh Hassan-Al-Asfoura section, and Umm Al-Tuyour section). The Sheikh Hassan-Al-Asfoura section is considered one of the sites where the entire rocks of the volcanic-sedimentary formation can be seen with a total thickness of up to 1000 m, in addition to the richness of the rock formations in this site with manganese ore. While the Umm al-Tuyur site includes an integrated section of the volcanic-sedimentary formation and ophiolitic rocks. Petrographic studies were conducted on rock samples (20 microscopic slides), and the results showed that volcanic-sedimentary rocks are represented by two types: The first type is sedimentary and includes siliceous- claycareous rocks, claycareous -siliceous rocks, radiolarite silicate rocks, calcareous rocks, and calcareous-volcanic rocks. The second style is volcanic and includes diabase rocks, pillow lapa rocks, and volcanic tuff rocks, which are considered the products of subducted alkaline volcanism and are located within the sedimentary style. The results confirmed the consistency of the two field and laboratory studies. The results of geochemical analyzes of /10/ rock samples confirmed the presence of the studied igneous and sedimentary petrographic types.

Inclusion properties of the generalized homogeneous Herz-Morrey spaces

Ali Jasser — 2024-04-23

In this paper, we study a problem at functional analysis, it is the inclusion of functional spaces, in the beginning we defined the generalized homogeneous Herz - Morrey space , which is a generalization of the homogeneous Herz- Morrey space, then we studied some of its basic properties, where we proved that it is linear, normed and complete space, then we studied its inclusion properties for different cases of the parameters , then we studied the inclusion between the generalized homogeneous Herz- Morrey space and the weak generalized homogeneous Herz – Morrey space, finally we studied the inclusion between the weak generalized homogeneous Herz – Morrey space.

Evaluation of Sea Surface Temperature Derived from Landsat TIRS Imagery - A case Study in the Syrian Coastal Waters of Baniyas City

Zeina Salhab — 2024-11-02

This research aims to evaluate the accuracy of SST derived from thermal Landsat TIRS imagery by conducting field measurements and comparing them with images of SST. In this work, we carried out a sea voyage to measure SST at 22 in the Syrian coastal waters of Baniyas city. After that, we compared measurements with SST values extracted from thermal images using three techniques in geographic information systems. The research results show a strong correlation between the sea surface temperature values measured in the field and those derived from thermal images, as the correlation coefficient values ranged between (0.87-0.89). Our results indicate that SST measurements derived from Landsat TIRS imagery can be used directly in marine and environmental applications that require measurements with a permissible RMS error of 0.9°C.

Study of carbonate system variations with depth in the marine waters off the coast of Latakia city

Hanaa Raslan — 2024-06-08

This research focuses on the study of seasonal variations in both Total Alkalinity (AT) and Total Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (CT) in the marine waters of Latakia city between the summer and winter of 2022, and how they are affected by certain hydrological factors of the waters (temperature and salinity), and the impact of all this on the pH values in the marine water column (5-200m). This study is the first to take samples at this depth. The values of alkalinity ranged between 2618.7-2725.5 μmol/kg and the CT values between 2256.8-2453.7 μmol/kg, with pH values of 7.84-8.16 in the summer, coinciding with changes in temperature (26.92-27.12°C) and salinity (37.53- 37.21‰). In winter, the temperature values decreased between 18.92°C at the surface and 18.47°C at a depth of 200m, accompanied by changes in salinity from 35.32‰ at a depth of 5m to 34.65‰ at 200m, leading to a decrease in alkalinity values between 2560.7-2660.5 μmol/kg and an increase in CT values between 2365.8-2435.7 μmol/kg.

As a result, climate change due to the increased concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere has affected the increase in atmospheric temperature, accompanied by changes in the temperature of marine waters and changes in carbonate system values and pH. This will negatively reflect on biodiversity and threaten many living organisms, especially those that use carbonate ions to build their shells, and generally affect marine currents.

Studying effect of Magnesium and Aluminum ions on structural properties of M- type Barium Hexaferrite

Zeina Jamea — 2024-04-23

It was prepared ferrite hexagonal BaFe₁₂O₁₉ pure and ferrite substitutes BaFe_12-2xMg_xAl_xO₁₉ with (x=0,0.5,1,2) using ceramic method .It was sintered BaFe₁₂O₁₉ at 1150°c for two hours .The structural characterization of the composites are investigated by x_ray diffraction device.The results obtained using XRD technology revealed the formation of the hexa-ferrite M-type hexagon with average crystal lattice constants (a=5.871,c=23,119)A°,it was found the replacement rate increased ,peak shift occurs at (114) plane to the large 2θ angle.The distance between the crystal planes d for undoped samples (2.620_2.621)A°,after it doped with aluminium and magnesium oxides decreased (2.615_2.611)A°.After sample was sintered and the sintering process causes the increasing of intensity,but decreases the FWHM value,it shows that sintering process influences the grain growth of barium hexaferrite crystals from 34.291nm to 39.902nm and it was noticed when ferrite substitutes increase the values of the crystal lattice constants decrease.

Using the Kalman filter to improve the reading of electrical signals in high-precision control systems.

Milad Zarba — 2024-11-02

Sensors constitute the inputs to control systems, and the quality of sensor reading is an important criterion in evaluating the quality of the decision of the control or monitoring system used for the sensors. The operation of the sensors is accompanied by the appearance of unwanted signals or a delay in the reading of the sensor. Interruptions in the reading of the sensors may also occur, which results in a major malfunction of the system and the appearance of incorrect readings of the electrical signal. Therefore, in the research we will present a new method to monitor and improve the control decision and its accuracy in the movement of the fingers. An artificial palm that can be used in areas where the human hand cannot be used, such as mixing chemical solutions and other applications that require precise position control and whose operation requires high precision standards.

Measurement of Radioactivity Resulting from the Isotopes of Potassium 40K and Cesium 137Cs of Seawater Samples from the Blue Beach Resort in the Mediterranean, Syria

Ekhlass Abboud — 2024-11-02

In this work, Seawater samples from the Blue Beach Resort were concentrated by evaporation by direct exposure to sunlight. The initial volume of samples in which, after concentration, potassium ⁴⁰K radioactivity was measured, was (4L) or greater. The energy of the gamma spectrometer used was calibrated using point sources, and the efficiency was calibrated using standard sources. It has been demonstrated, under certain conditions, that a point source can be used to calibrate efficiency. The validity of the gamma spectrometer used was also tested by comparing its parameters at the date of measurement with its parameters at the date of previous measurements. The potassium ⁴⁰K activity, measured in sea waters from the Mediterranean Blue Beach Resort, Syria, is at a low level compared to other water areas globally. As for the activity of cesium ¹³⁷Cs, it was, in this study, not detected (N.D).

Some characterization of glauconite in Syrian coastal phosphate

Ahlam Ibrahim — 2024-04-23

The aim of the present study is to characterize the glauconite grains associated with the coastal chain phosphate that distinguish them from Palmyra phosphate, and to compare them between the three sites where it is spread: Ain al-Tineh, Ain Lillon (south of the Haffa area), and Qalaat al-Muhalaba (north of Qardaha.

To achieve the objective of the study, a group of samples were collected from the study sites and microscopic thin sections were prepared, that were studied with polarizing microscopy in the laboratories of the Department of Geology at the Faculty of Science, Tishreen University. The shape and color of the glauconite grains were compared at the three sites. The potassium ratios were compared between the studied sites, which was analyzed in the laboratories of the Atomic Energy Commission – Damascus.

The sedimentary medium in the coastal phosphate environment was suitable for the living of microbes and bacteria, working to stabilize the trivalent iron, aluminum and magnesium forming the characteristic green slurry of these grains in the first stage, then the microbes work to introduce potassium into the crystalline structure of metals and organic matter.

Sedimentalogical Evolution of the northern Baer-Bassit during upper Cretaceous

Abdulkarim AlAbdalla — 2024-04-23

The sedimentological study of five geological sections in the Upper Cretaceous deposits, exposed in northern Al-Baer-Basit which located beneath the ophiolitic cover, revealed the presence of four intermediate sedimentary sequences in the Turonian-Senonian deposits: regressive, transgressive-neutral, regressive-regressive and transgressive. These sedimentary sequences are related to sea level changes and the uplift of the bottom of the sedimentary basin because of ophiolitic obduction in northwestern of Syria. During the Turonian-Senonian, the sedimentation environments ranged from subtidal in the open sea to supratidal to even continental environments, in which sediments are rich in detrital were dominant

Synthesis two crystalline compoundsSr2-xSmxCoO4 belonging to the RUDDLESDEN-POPPER series by partial sustention of strontium (Sr) with samarium (Sm) and study their crystal structure and some physical properties.

manar hassan — 2024-04-12

The oxides of Sr2-xSmxCoO4 (X=1 ,1.25) were Synthesised using the ceramic method and the effect of partial sustention of Sr with Sm in crystal lattice of compound Sr2CoO4has been studied. The phases and structures were studied using powder x-ray diffraction and HRTEM(High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy). The compounds found to be of the 214 crystal system at n=1 of the tetragonal system of the I4/mmm space group of K2NiF4 crystal model. It was observed that the value of the parameter c decreased while the value of the parameters a,b and the volume of the cell of crystal structure increased with the increasing of the value of X. Magnetic properties were measured and curie temperature was observed between 160-200 k for sample of x=1, while antiferromagnetic behaviour was observed at 35 K for sample X = 1.25.

Chemical Composition of Carpobrotus Chilensis, in the Burj Islam Area in Latakia

Boushra ALI — 2024-11-02

The Carpobrotus chilensis plant located on the coast of the city of Latakia was studied, where three extracts (aqueous - hexane - ethanol) were prepared using a Soxhlet extractor and analyzed using a gas chromatography device (GC-MS) to determine the chemical composition. The results showed that the plant contains a large number of chemical compounds that have medical importance in treating many diseases. The hexane extract showed a high content of Flavonoid compounds (1.93%), while the aqueous extract contained a high percentage of Phenolic compounds (4.02%), and the ethanolic extract contained a high percentage of Fatty acids (2.42%). In general, it can be said that the aqueous extract can be preferred. Over the rest of the extracts, because of its high ability to extract chemical compounds on the one hand and because water is considered a green solvent on the other hand

The influence of alumina ratio on the properties of the Al-MCM-41 mesoporous structure

Ayham Ghandour — 2024-04-12

Three samples of the mesoporous structure Al-MCM-41 were prepared by hydrothermal treatment method using silica and a structure-oriented agent (CTRB), with a molar ratio of Silica:CTAB is 1: 0.5 with a chang in the aluminum ratio so that it was (0-10-20)% . The results showed that the changing of alumina ratio was affected notely on the prepared structures. Whereas, the specific surface area was decreased from 874.0 to 329.7 and 88.9 m²/g when the alumina ratio 0,10,and 20% respectively, and the total pore volume decreased from 0.63 to 0.35 and 0.24 ml/g according to alumina ratio 0,10,and 20% respectively. The pore radius increased from 14.4 to 21.5 and 53.7 ºA for alumina ratio 0,10,and 20%, while . The pore volume distribution was decreased from 28 for alumina ratio 0% to 12% for both alumina ratio 10 and 20%. While a convergence was observed in the spectra of XRD diffraction, and infrared spectra (FT-IR) with a slight difference as the shift of the peak or disappearance of the other with the increase in the molar ratio of aluminum..

The Effect of Harmonic Distortion in Capacitive and Inductive Loads on the Performance of Electrical Grids in Huge Projects (FADEN Spectrum Phenomenon - an example)

hazar shtat — 2023-11-18

This research deals with the study, analysis and treatment of a strange phenomenon that suddenly appeared during the installation of a huge screen belonging to FADEN Spectrum Company on one of the huge towers in the city of Al-Khobar in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia with area of 2000 m2, consisting of 2000 cabins and feeding 2000 cells, each cell having an area of 1 m2.

This phenomenon includes two things: The first is the appearance of an annoying noise emanating from the main feed box (MDB), and the noise increases exponentially with the increase in lighting intensity to become a noise of 90 dB at 60% illumination and 155 dB at 100% illumination.

As for the second, most surprising thing, it is the cables getting hot at a point that exiting from the panel ceiling only, where the temperature reached #83C, noting that the cables before and after this point were not affected by this temperature at all, so that temperature was #28C before the entry point, and the same temperature after the exit point, while the iron metal of the panel ceiling was clearly affected, that also recorded #83C.

Preparation and study of the common oxide system Al2O3/Fe2O3 and the effect of the directing agent (polyethylene glycol) on the properties of the tissue structure

duaa shahin — 2024-04-23

In this work, the mixed oxide was prepared in reactive proportions by hydrothermal method. The samples have been treated at temperature 110 ^oC for 7 hours. The effect of the amount of directing agent (polyethylene glycol) on the specific surface area value of the prepared samples was studied. The highest value of the specific surface area was 378.0 m²/g at molar ratio without directing agent. when prepared by the dry method at a ratio of without directing agent using ammonium bicarbonate as a precipitating agent.

Using amount of directing agent(g) the specific surface area decreased to 132.9 m2/g for the sample ,p(0.10g). when The amount of directing agent was increased the size of the mesoporous was increased, and the specific surface area ( increased to maximum 325.9 m²/g for the sample ,p(0.4g(

A study of the effect of Mueller matrices and Stokes vectors on calculating the polarization parameters of the linear, circular, and elliptical light field.

Imad Abdullah — 2024-04-23

In this research, the polarization equation was extracted, the Stokes vectors were defined, and we performed the appropriate transformations of the optical field components in a form consistent with the Mueller matrices for polarization. We determined how to calculate the components of the matrix, which in turn determine the state and type of polarization. We demonstrated the importance of this study in calculating and knowing the optical properties such as photo activity and refractive index. The theoretical results were compared with the available and recent experimental results