Tishreen University Journal -Biological Sciences Series

Confirmed occurrence of Scorpaena notata Rafinesque, 1810 )Osteichthyes: Scorpaenidae( in Syrian Marine water (Eastern Mediterranean).

2024-01-11T05:09:40+00:00

This paper reports a second occurrence of Scorpaena notata Rafinesque, 1810 in Syrian marine water, based on capture of a specimen, 131 mm in total length, with a total body weight of 43 g. The captured was on 25 November 2023, using bottom material cage, at depth about 25m, above rocky bottom, opposite of Banias city (35° 14¢ N; 35° 58¢ E). The specimen is succinctly described including morphometric measurements (to nearest mm), and meristic counts. The specimen was preserved fish Laboratory, in High Institute of Marine Research , Tishreen University. This record confirms this species still present in the Syrian marine water, but needs more observing and monitoring.

The Economic Effects of the Crises on Wheat Cultivation and Production in Syria and Its Relationship with Food Security

2024-01-25T12:18:23+00:00

The research aimed to identify the current reality of wheat production, and the reality of food security for wheat in Syria between the years 2011 and 2021. The area planted with wheat witnessed a clear decline, it was found that the availability of wheat was not constant, but rather decreased from 2013 to record its lowest value in 2016, when the available volume reached only 3,870 thousand tons, During the period between 2013-2021, the average growth rate reached about -1.7. The largest food gap for wheat was in 2021, when it reached about (-2456) thousand tons, due to the lack of production that year due to drought and the blockade, which resulted in the lack of fuel needed for irrigation. The amount of wheat available per capita for food also decreased from 172 kg annually in 2011 to reach 132 kg annually in 2016. The average per capita share of wheat during the period between 2011-2021 was estimated at about 142 kg annually. The availability of wheat per capita decreased at an average rate of -2.4. The lowest value for self-sufficiency was recorded in 2021, as it did not exceed 24.3%.

The effect of spraying with amino acids on the growth of Borago Officinalis L.

2023-12-30T05:10:26+00:00

The lack of information about the cultivation of borage plants in Syria increased the importance of this research, which was carried out in Tartous Governorate, Al-Rizqat area (marginal cultivation for greenhouses) for the 2023 agricultural season, to study the effect of spraying with amino acids on the growth of Borago Officinalis L., where the plants were treated with several concentrations. (0 - 0.5 - 1 - 1.5) g/l of an organic fertilizer containing 60% amino acids. The plants were sprayed several times with an interval of 20 days between one spraying and the next. The research was carried out in a randomized block design with three replicates for each treatment, in order to invest these small agricultural distances in growing plants of nutritional and medicinal importance. By comparing the averages, the results showed that there were significant differences between the studied concentrations of amino acids between them and the control, and the concentration achieved 1.5 g/ The best values were significantly superior to all concentrations and to the control in all morphological and productive characteristics of the plant (plant height - number of leaves - number of branches - number of flowers - weight of 100 seeds), where the values reached (98, 116, 21.67, 4016, 1.73). respectively.

The reality of human resources and scientific research at Tishreen University and its impact on sustainable development

2023-12-17T11:16:01+00:00

The research aimed to study the characteristics of human resources and the scientific research environment at Tishreen University and their role in achieving sustainable development goals.

To achieve the objectives of the research, a questionnaire was designed and distributed to a random sample of faculty members in the university's faculties, consisting of (100) members, including a teacher, an assistant professor, and a professor.

The research adopted the descriptive analytical method in its survey style in describing the characteristics of the sample and analyzing its responses to the axes of the questionnaire using the SPSS 20 program.

The results of the research showed that the university is rich in its well-qualified human cadres, and that the research environment has an average level in terms of the purpose for which it was designed, in contrast to the presence of a low level of funding for scientific research, as it came with a low degree of approval.

The results also showed that there are statistically significant differences in the respondents' answers about human resources and their role in achieving sustainable development due to the scientific rank of the faculty member, in addition to the existence of a statistically significant relationship between the reality of scientific research and the role of the university in achieving sustainable development.

The research recommended the need to modernize the scientific research environment of equipment, laboratories and communication devices that would enhance the role of the university in achieving sustainable human development for its cadres, and to provide incentive rewards to faculty members according to the research submitted by each member, which in turn contributes to raising the scientific level for them.

The effect of amendment with different rates of biochar on physical and hydrodynamical soil characteristics and in soybean (Glycine max.L) productivity

2023-11-28T05:57:33+00:00

This research was conducted to study the effect of four biochar rates (0-100-300-600 Kg. dunum^-1) in soil physical characteristics and soybean productivity growing in a loamy soil.

The study showed a significant decrease in the bulk density of the loamy studied soil in both depths (0-20 and 20-40 cm) with increasing biochar rates compared to the control. Generally, soil total porosity increased significantly in both depths with increasing biochar rates reaching the highest value at a rate of 600 kg. dunum ^-1 with increments of 7.25% and 9.47% respectively compared to the control.

The pores containing available water (0.2-10 μm) for depth (0-20 cm) rose with increasing biochar supply to 300 and 600 kg. dunum^-1 significantly by 2.09%, 4.38% and by 2, 3.58% for depth (20-40cm) in comparison with the control.

Soil’s experimental constants (a and b) increased in both soil depths (0-20 and 20-40cm) with increasing biochar amendment rates causing improvement in waster movement and its absorption by plant. The improvement in soil physical properties caused increasing soybean productivity markedly after biochar supply (100-300-600 kg. dunum^-1) by (8.2-25.3-33.85%) as a percentage control respectively.

Studying the effect of pressure in the elastic field and the plastic field of soil on some of its physical properties and on the productivity of the soybean crop

2023-10-30T00:20:18+00:00

This research was conducted within the agricultural scientific research center in Latakia (stakhiris station) for the year 2022, where different levels of pressure applied to Celtic clay soils were used (0 – 163 – 216 - 297 KPA), and at two different levels of humidity (20-28% by weight).

The results showed the obvious and significant effect of soil compression in the bulk density of the soil, in addition to the decrease in the size of the total porosity by increasing the pressure, noting that the effect of pressure was decreasing with depth, as the compression of the soil in the surface layer (5-20 cm) led to an increase in the bulk density by 0.16 g/cm3 at a pressure of 163 KPA and to an increase of 0.26 g/cm3 at a pressure of 297 KPA and moisture in the pressure of 297 KPA contributed to an increase in the bulk density by 0.39 g/cm3 at a humidity of 28% by weight.It is also observed at depth (5-20 CM) relative to pores whose diameters (0.2 – 10) microns, which are the pores that contain the water available to the plant, they decreased with increasing pressure from 17.45% in the treatment without pressure and at a humidity of 20% by weight to 13.26% at a pressure of 297 KPA and with increasing humidity during compression the size of these pores decreases .The results showed a significant decrease in soybean productivity with increased pressure and humidity during compression, where the decrease was by 56.88 kg/DN at a pressure of 163 KPA and by 164.21 kg/DN at a pressure of 297 KPA, compared to the treatment without pressure.

Analytical Study of Methanol Content in Traditional Fermented Beverages: Improving Evaluation Procedures and Developing a Predictive Model using Nonlinear Regression model and Artificial Neural Networks

2023-10-25T05:49:23+00:00

Artificial intelligence has been used in many fields, as its use has led to better results than the results of traditional methods, and among the fields in which it can be used is the field of food science. In this research, methanol levels in fermented beverages were predicted in order to evaluate their safety by proposing two prediction models: a Nonlinear Regression Model and an Artificial Neural Network Model .

In order to obtain the input variables, the methanol concentration was measured for 32 fermented samples, which took 15 to 30 days of fermentation, in media with temperatures of 10-30 °C. Thus, the input variables are the type of fermenting liquid, PH and fermentation temperature, fermentation time, and the sterilization process of the fermentation medium. The concentration of methanol formed during fermentation was used as a dependent variable for the nonlinear regression model and as an output for the neural network model. The input data was processed and the neural network model outperformed the nonlinear regression model in estimating and predicting methanol levels because it had a greater R² value and lower MSE, RMSE, and MAE values compared to the nonlinear regression model.

Development Of Agricultural Loans In Latakia Governorate During The Period (2000-2022)

2023-12-27T13:20:07+00:00

The research aimed to determine the most important changes that occurred in the total agricultural loans granted to farmers in Latakia Governorate during the period 2000-2022, and to estimate the general trend in the development of the volume of agricultural loans during the period (2023-2030) through developing a standard model to predict the volume of agricultural loans using moving average models. and autoregressive (ARIMA).

The research adopted the descriptive analytical approach in studying and describing the time series of agricultural loans using tables, arithmetic averages, and percentages. The Box-Jenkins methodology was adopted in estimating the most appropriate (ARIMA) model for the purpose of predicting the volume of agricultural loans during the period (2023-2030).

The results of the research showed that the total agricultural loans granted to farmers in Latakia Governorate took a random trend between increase and decrease during the period (2000-2022), and the results of the time series analysis according to the Box-Jenkins methodology showed that the (ARIMA) model (1.1.0) is the best model. To predict the volume of agricultural loans during the coming period, it is a first-order autoregressive integral model at the first difference.

The results of forecasting the volume of loans granted to the agricultural sector during the period (2023-2030) showed a general increasing trend with a relatively low annual growth rate (0.30)%, which does not correspond to the general rise in the prices of production inputs that exceeded 100%, which makes them unable to meet the growing needs of farmers

Biological activity of Spirogyra on Candida albicans and Leishmania tropica

2023-10-30T00:45:24+00:00

Three species of Spirogyra moss, S. variformis, S. fluviatilis, and S. crassa, were collected from the Derverver and Hour Ain areas in the Damascus countryside governorate, Extraction was carried out with methanol and chromoform solvents, and the total content of phenols and flavonoids was measured. The effect of varying concentrations of the extracts on Candida albicans and the Leishmania tropica parasite was studied. The highest content of phenols reached 236.60 ± 0.89 mg/g, and flavonoids reached 86.47 ± 0.14 mg/g in the methanolic extract of S.fluviatilis. The largest diameter of the inhibition corona was determined to be 24.5 ± 0.5 mm at a concentration of 60 mg/g of the methanolic extract of S. fluviatilis on C. albicans. While the half maximal inhibitoy concentration (IC50) of the Leishmania parasite L. tropica was less than 125 µg/ml of the methanolic extract of S. fluviatile after 48 hours, the half maximal inhibitoy concentration (IC50) of the species S. variformis ranged between 500 and 750 µg/ml, and the concentration value was The IC50 for S. cracca is higher than 750 µg/ml at the same time.

Studying the efficiency of locally isolated Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacillus cereus In Bioremediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon

2023-09-30T22:52:22+00:00

The use of indigenous microorganisms in the bioremediation of hydrocarbon petroleum to cleanup environment has become a valuable technique. In this study two strains of bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacillus cerues have been tested to remove engine oil. The results showed that both K. pneumoniae and B.cereus have ability to remove petroleum hydrocarbons in Bushnell Hass Broth medium containing 126mg/l engine oil as sole carbon source, but K . pneumoniae was more efficient in the bioremediation of engine oil than B.cereus.The results obtained showed the K. pneumoniae strain degradation efficacy was 83.17% on 20 day compared to B.cereus 65.291%. furthermore the rate growth of K. pneumoniae strain was faster than that of the B.cerues strain. Spectrum results by Spectrophotometric analysis and colorimetric using DCPIP (2,6 dichlorophanelin- dophenol) revealed that The isolate K. pneumoniae showed 79.79 % of biodegradation on 7day compared to B.cereus 61.23%.

Efficiency of black mustard Brassica nigra L. in remidiating soils contaminated with lead and cadmium.

2023-10-25T05:40:56+00:00

This study dealt with evaluating the ability of the black mustard plant Brassica nigra L. to accumulate cadmium and lead, to determine its efficiency for use in phytoremediation of soil contaminated with lead and cadmium, based on pot-experiment, which soil was treated with cadmium nitrate and lead nitrate at concentrations of 3-15-30 mg cadmium/kg soil and 100-300-700. mg lead/kg soil.

The results of the study showed that there was a significant effect of the concentration of lead and cadmium in the soil on the decrease in the wet and dry weight of the roots and the shoots in all treatments compared to the control, while the germination rate of black mustard seeds was not significantly affected. There was also a significant effect of the concentration of lead and cadmium in Soil content of roots and shoots of black mustard plants of both minerals.

The black mustard plant can be considered a potential candidate for use in phytoremediation of cadmium by means of phytoextraction in sites with low pollution, because it has BAC and TF˃1 values, and it did not behave as a hyper-accumulating plant under the conditions of the current research and the characteristics of the soil used in it.

The black mustard plant did not show efficiency in extracting lead, as all parameters were less than one.

Evaluating the effectiveness of inoculation with bacterialfertilizers and the timing of their addition in some vegetative and productive indicators of the potato plant Solanum Tuberoseum, the variety Sponta.

2024-02-03T20:50:16+00:00

The research was carried out during the spring season of the 2021 season in the area
(Wata Al-Bislis - Latakia) with the aim of testing the effectiveness of inoculation with bacterial fertilizers and the dates of their addition in some growth and productive indicators of potato plants.

Use the Sponta potato variety for this. The research included thirteen treatments:
control - untreated plants, and three bacterial fertilizers with four methods of adding each of them (addition at planting D1, the second after germination D2, the third at the beginning of ovulation D3, and the fourth included the three dates together D4).

The research was carried out in a completely randomized block design, with three replicates for each treatment, with an average of 8 plants per replicate.

The results of the study showed that the plants inoculated with the fertilizers used were significantly superior to the control plants. The study also showed that inoculation with the third bacterial fertilizer M3 (a mixture of the first two fertilisers, M1 and the second M2), and at the three times together, recorded the best results and the highest values in the indicators studied, as the leaf surface area of the plant and its index recorded a value of (13,300 cm²) and (4.70), respectively. It also recorded the best results were in the number of tubers and average tuber weight with a value of 7.43 tubers and 115.9 g/tuber, in plant production (861.1) g/plant, and productivity per unit area in g/m², with a production efficiency of 45.9% compared to the control.

Effect of the cultivation site on the percentage of flowers set and the weight and size of fruits of the two apple varieties Golden delicious and Starking delicious

2024-01-30T09:43:38+00:00

The study was conducted during the year 2022 in Latakia Governorate in Slanfa, Kassab, and Khirbet Solas, with the aim of studying the effect of altitude above sea level on the flowering and some characteristics of the fruits of the Golden delicious and Starking delicious apple varieties. It was observed that there was a clear effect of the geographical location and the cultivated variety on flowering indicators and some specifications of the apple fruits studied.

The results of the statistical analysis also showed that the Slenfeh site was superior to the Kassab and Khirbet Solas sites in terms of setting percentage. The highest contract rate was recorded for the Golden Delicious variety at the Slenfeh site (51.9%), then the Kassab site (41.5%), and then the Khirbet Solas site (37.3%). The Kassab site also outperformed the Khirbet Solas site, and the same also applies to the Starking delicious variety. The contract percentage reached 41.9, 24.4, and 17.1%, respectively. The highest value for the percentage of remaining fruits was recorded for the Starking Delicious cultivar (68.73, 58.07, 43.58%) in Khirbet Solas, Kassab, and Slanfeh, respectively. While the Golden Delicious cultivar reached (58.5, 44.78, 40.09%) for Khirbet Solas, Kassab, and Slanfah sites, respectively. The results of the statistical analysis showed the superiority of the Khirbet Solas site compared to the other two sites. The largest value for both the average weight and size of the fruit was recorded for the Starking Delicious variety (160.2 g, 166.3 cm³), significantly superior to the Golden Delicious variety (103.6 g, 112.5 cm³).

Keywords: Apple, Golden Delicious, Starking Delicious, setting percentage, fruit weight, fruit volume, site height.

the effect of adding different levels of sugar beet molasses on some physical properties of the soil and on the productivity of potato plants

2024-02-25T04:59:08+00:00

The cultivation was carried out during the first agricultural season in the year 2021 at the Scientific Research Station - Stekhris region, and it was followed in its completely randomized design. The experiment included four treatments of sugar beet molasses (B₀=0-B₁=75- B₂=150-B₃=225 l/ha).

It was found that the bulk density of the soil decreased with the addition of molasses in the surface layer from 0-20 cm by 0.13 g/cm3 at the addition level of 225 liters/ha, while in the depth from 20-40 cm, the decrease was 0.23 g/cm3 compared to the control.

It was found that the leaf surface area ranged from 3450 cm2 to 11606 cm2 per plant three months after planting, and the best area was at the level of adding 225 liters/ha of molasses.

The productivity of one plant was highest when adding 225 liters/ha of molasses, reaching 3229 kg/dunum.

Studying the Impact of Forest Fires on Soil Degradation Using Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing in the Al-Bayer and Al-Basit Region

2023-12-30T04:10:10+00:00

The forest soils and natural vegetation in the Syrian coast have been subjected to clear violations through excessive cutting and artificial and non-artificial fires, which reflected negatively on the properties of those soils that were depleted, especially the fires that occurred in 2020 that turned the coastal mountains into ashes.

Based on the upload of two Landsat8 composite satellite images after combining and modifying their ranges to locate the fire without fog or smoke, the first before the fire in July 2020 and the second after the fire in October 2020, fire intensity maps for the Bayer and Basit area were designed to assess areas affected by forest fires. The fire intensity index map was produced and classified based on the classification of fire intensity levels and therefore the burned areas, which constituted a high risk level of 1499.72 hectares from the Bayer and Al-Basit area, while the burned areas that constituted a medium risk level reached 10820.73 hectares.

Three soil samples were taken from the burned forests of Zaghrine, Balloran and Ras al-Basit and compared with three soil samples from the same unburned sites. The soil of the sites is rich in organic matter before the fire, while it almost decreased by half after the fire, while the value of the PH we find that it was higher in the burned sites than the unburned sites due to the ash resulting from the burning of vegetation cover over the forest ground, and the percentage of nitrogen in the burned sites does not exceed 0.3%, and the amount of phosphorus in the burned sites was greater than in the unburned sites, and the amount of potassium, calcium, manganese, iron, zinc and copper available after the fire is increasing, and despite all these Increases in cations, fires may also lead to their loss by soil erosion, runoff and element washing, or by ash volatilization.

Correlation and regression analaysis for some economic characteristics of tobacco genotypes (Nicotiana tabacum L.)

2024-01-26T11:54:31+00:00

The experiment was carried out in a nursery at the Faculty of Agricultural engineering. Tishreen University- Lattakia- Syria. during the two agricultural seasons 2021 and 2022. by the cultivation of three Tobacco genotypes (Prilep- Basma- Baladi). Half diallel cross was made between different genotypes of tobacco.

In The following season, an evaluation of the genotypes was performed that were distributed according to the Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) with three replicates per treatment. The correlation relationships between: Dry Weight of Leaves (DWL), Fresh Weight of Leaves (FWL), Specific Leaf Weight, Plant Leaf Area, DWL/FWL ratio were studied in order to determine the traits that can be adopted as selection criteria for improving the Dry Weight of Leaves.

The results show the strongest desirable and significant correlation of the dry weight of leaves was with the fresh weight of leaves (r = 0.9), and fresh weight of leaves with specific leaf weight (r = 0.9), while the second strongest desirable and significant correlation to the fresh weight of leaves with the DWL/FWL ratio (r = 0.89).

Reading the simple regression line equation this correlations, so that each increase by
(1 kg/Dunum) fresh weight of leaves will led to an increase in the dry weight of leaves of 0.31 kg/Dunum with a contribution rate of 81%, it is also expected that increasing 1% in the DWL/FWL ratio will led to an increase in the dry weight of leaves of 8.72 kg/ Dunum with a contribution rate of 80%.

An economic analytical study of olive seedling production in Al-Hanadi Agricultural Nursery

2023-12-14T09:56:03+00:00

This research was carried in Latakia Governorate ) Al-Hanadi nursery(, as it is considered one of the most important production centers in the agricultural field. The economic study was conducted in an olive seedling production center, which specializes in producing different types of olive seedlings:( Al-Khudairi, Sourani, and Al-Darmali. And diabetes).

The research aimed to study the reality of olive seedling production in Al Hanadi Agricultural Nursery during the period (2016-2021), and to study the economic efficiency of olive seedling production in the nursery, using descriptive analysis methods, and relying on nursery data collected during the year 2021, including nursery characteristics and cost calculations.

And revenues The results showed that the production of seedlings in the olive nursery increased significantly during the period studied, and that the process of producing seedlings is a profitable process in view of the net profits achieved by the nursery, where the profit percentage reached 30% and the economic efficiency was 1.5. It was also shown that the percentage of recycled seedlings within the nursery increased significantly. Which indicates that marketing the plant is the decisive factor in determining the outcome of the production process. This requires reconsidering the plan for producing seedlings in quantity and quality in the olive nursery, and reducing the quantities of seedlings produced, so that the nursery can increase its profits to a greater extent than it is at the present time.

Extraction the essential oil of clove plant Dianthus caryophyllus and studying its chemical composition

2023-11-28T05:55:32+00:00

The flower buds of dianthus caryophyllus carnation plant were collected from the nursery of the Faculty of Agricultural Engineering at Tishreen University in Latakia during 2022/2023, the essential oil was isolated from samples taken using the Clevenger device, and the chemical content of the components of the essential oil of dianthus caryophyllus carnation plant was studied using a gas chromatography - mass spectrometer (GC-MS) device. Extraction using the Clevenger apparatus for the flower buds of the chervil plant gave an aromatic oil of light yellow color. The analysis of the essential oil using the GC\MS device showed the quantitative diversity of chemical compounds, which accounted for 99.9% of the total essential oil. The results of the (GC/MS) analysis showed the presence of 13 peaks within the chart, which indicates the presence of 13 chemical compounds ranging in percentage from 1.3% to 21.3 %, and the main compounds were as follows :

Butylated hydroxytoluene, oleic acid, 3,4-hexandiol, 2,5-dimethyl , Propanamide,

1,2-Ethanediamine,N-(2-aminoethyl), 1,6:3,4-Dianhydro-2-deoxy-β-d-lyxo-hexopyranose, Octadecane, 1-(ethenyloxy , Glycinamide, N(2)-methyl - , (2S,3S)-(-)-3-Propyloxiranemethanol

. Where the compound Butylated Hydroxytoluene was the main component of the essential oil with 21.3%, followed by the compound Oleic Acid with 14.7%, followed by the compound 3,4-Hexanediol, 2,5-dimethyl - with 10.5%.

The impact of farmers’ personal characteristics and the size of agricultural holdings on the adoption of contract farming in Lattakia

2024-02-03T13:58:29+00:00

The research aimed to study the effect of some personal characteristics of the farmer, such as the educational level and agricultural experience, in addition to the size of the agricultural holding, on the adoption of contract farming in Latakia Governorate. To achieve the objectives of the research, a sample of 400 farmers who work according to the contract system in Latakia Governorate was taken, and three areas were chosen. As follows (Latakia region - Jableh region - Al-Haffa region), and from each region two villages were chosen, in addition to Al-Hal Market.

The research adopted the descriptive approach, with the aim of describing the studied variables and shedding light on their various aspects in order to understand them and determine their causes using frequency tables and percentages. The standard quantitative approach was also used using indicators and tests such as the reliability coefficient (Cronbach's Alpha) as a Likert scale and the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test to test the research hypotheses. .

The results of the research showed that most farmers contract equally, a small percentage of them contract with a rent or wage system, and others contract with the entire land.

The results also indicated that the problems of debt and the unfairness of contracting parties in distribution are among the most important problems facing contracted farmers, in addition to manipulating quotas so that the entire production is not purchased.

The results of testing the research hypotheses showed that there was a statistically significant positive effect of farmer experience, educational level, and size of agricultural holding (sig<0.05) on the adoption of contract farming.

The effect of nitrogen fertilization on growth, grain yield, and flag leaf characteristics of several Syrian soft wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) under the costal conditions

2023-11-28T04:57:50+00:00

A field experiment was conducted at the Sitkhears Research Station at Dibba site during the season 2021/2022. The aim was to study the response of soft wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars (Sham 4, Sham 6, Sham 8, and Sham 10) to different levels of nitrogen fertilizer. The experiment included four nitrogen levels (kg N/h-1: N0=0, N1=100, N2=200, N3=300) and three replications for each treatment, using a randomized complete block design within each cultivar (RCBD). The growth, productivity, and some leaf flag characteristics were investigated.

The increased nitrogen fertilizer rates resulted in a significant increase in number of total tillers, and productive tillers in all cultivars, at the expense of non-productive tillers. The number of tillers reached approximately 4 tillers/plant at 300 kg N/h-1 nitrogen rate of application. The main stem and tillers heights showed a significant increase with nitrogen fertilizer rate of 100 kg N/h-1. However, increasing the nitrogen fertilizer rates to 200 and 300 kg N/h-1 did not lead to a significant increase in plant height. This was reflected in the straw yield, which reached 12.8 tons/h-1 at the nitrogen fertilizer rate of 300 kg N/h-1 for Sham 4 cultivar. Grain yield increased with increasing N application rate and reached 7736 and 7268 kg/h-1 for the Sham 4 and Sham 10 cultivars, respectively, at the 300 kg N/h-1 treatment. In comparison, the Sham 6 and Sham 8 cultivars had a grain productivity of 5215 and 5599 kg/h-1, respectively, at the same nitrogen level. The nitrogen additions had a highly significant effect on flag leaf characteristics, including leaf area, dry weight, and total chlorophyll concentration. Leaf area and dry weight increased significantly up to the nitrogen fertilizer level of 300 kg N/h-1, reaching their maximum values in the Sham 4 cultivar. Chlorophyll concentration continued to increase significantly up to the 200 kg N/h-1 rate, but there was no significant increase beyond that N application rate. The highest chlorophyll concentration was observed in the Sham 4 cultivar with the rate of 300 kg N/ha. Among the studied cultivars, Sham 4 showed the highest response to increasing nitrogen fertilizer rate.

The effect of foliar feeding with the organic fertilizer “Nator” and seaweed extract “Algaton” on the chlorophyll content of leaves and the quality and hardness of fruits of the apricot cultivar “Baladi”

2024-02-06T09:52:16+00:00

The study was carried out in the village of Bustan Al-Hamam in the city of Baniyas during the year 2023 on apricot trees of my variety grafted on seed stock. The experiment was carried out with 9 treatments and each treatment with three replicates. The aim of the research was “to study the effect of foliar feeding with the organic fertilizer “Natur” and the marine algae extract “Gatun.” In improving the leaf content of chlorophyll and the quality and hardness of the fruits of the local apricot variety, the results showed the following:

The parameter was given (algaton 2.5 ml/l+ nator 2 ml/l) the highest background of the total Clovel (44.31spad). As a result of the statistical analysis, they outperformed all the different coefficients. In terms of fruit quality, it emerged as a distinguished candidate (algaton 2.5 ml/l+ nator 2 ml/l) in the juice content of soluble solids in the studio (19.40%), and it also excelled in excellence (algaton 2.5 ml/+ nator 2 ml/l) in the field of juice in terms of total sugars for Bulgaria (17.30%). Its efficiency exceeded the comprehensive fruits (algaton 2.5 ml/+ nator 1.5 ml/l ) in terms of its overall fruit efficiency (0.0466% ) compared to the control that achieved the least solidity of the overall profit (0.1% ).in terms of fruit hardness,the treatment was surperior (algaton 2.5 ml/+ nator 2 ml/l) in terms of fruit hardness with a value of (3.650) compared to the control, which achieved the lowest fruit hardness with a value of (1.397kg). Accordingly, proper feeding with fertilizers and marine algae extracts can be used to improve the chlorophyll content of the leaves and improve the quality of the fruit.