دراسة تحليلية لتطور الصادرات السورية
Abstract
يُعدّ قطاع التصدير المحرك الرئيسي لعملية التنمية لأي دولة، وأحد أهم ركائز اقتصادها، كما انه من أهم مصادر القطع الأجنبي، وتتضح أهمية التصدير في قدرته على خلق فرص عمل جديدة، وإصلاح العجز في ميزان المدفوعات وجذب الاستثمار الخاص المحلي والأجنبي ومن ثم تحقيق معدلات نمو مطردة، ونؤكد على اهمية التصدير بالنسبة لسورية لارتباط جهود التنمية بزيادة قدرتها على التصدير للأسواق الخارجية فبدون تحقيق معدلات مرتفعة للصادرات تنحسر آفاق التنمية وتقل فرص العمالة. كما أن وجود قطاع تصديري قوي يعمل على جذب مزيد من التدفقات الاستثمارية التي تترجم في شكل زيادة في الصادرات الخدمية والسلعية وتقوم بدورها في جذب استثمارات جديدة.
وقد تم في هذا البحث دراسة تطور الميزان التجاري السوري خلال الفترة 2000- 2010م، وتبين أن الميزان التجاري يعاني من عجز مستمر خلال الفترة (2004-2010)، وانخفاض نسبة تغطية الصادرات للواردات، كما تم تحليل واقع ونوعية الصادرات السورية، وخاصة الصادرات النفطية وتأثيرها على الصادرات الكلية وعلى الاقتصاد السوري بشكل عام، وكذلك الصادرات الزراعية ونسبة مساهمتها في الصادرات الكلية، ومدى تنوع هذه الصادرات من خلال دراسة مؤشر هيرشمان.
The export sector is the main driver of the development process of any country and one of the main pillars of its economy. The importance of exports lies in their ability to create new jobs, reform the deficit in the balance of payments, and attract private investment, both domestic and foreign. They then help achieve sustained growth rates. They are also the most important sources of foreign exchange, and without export the economy fails to develop and unemployment increases.
This research studies the evolution of Syrian trade balance during the period
2000 – 2010. Results show that the balance of trade suffered a deficit between
(2004-2010). exports were much lower than imports. Oil exports and their impact on total exports and on the Syrian economy in general as well as agricultural exports and their share in total exports were also analyzed using Hirschman Index.
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