الشروط الشكلية في عقد الإيجار التمويلي

Authors

  • علي محفوض

Abstract

الأصل في العقود هو الرضائية، وللأفراد الحرية في إبرام ما يشاؤون من عقود، وفي تحديد مضمون التزاماتهم وآثارها، إلا أن حرية الأفراد لم تعد مطلقة؛ فقد تدخلت الدولة لفرض قيود عليها أوحتها المذاهب الاجتماعية التدخلية. ونظراً لأهمية عقد الإيجار التمويلي (leasing) في الحياة الاقتصادية، ولأنه سيسهم في وضع حد للصعوبات التي تواجه المستثمر في الحصول على القروض، وعلى رأسها الضمانات المطلوبة، فقد تدخل المشرّع وأصدر المرسوم التشريعي رقم 88 تاريخ 2/10/2010 الناظم لعمليات التأجير التمويلي والإجارة الإسلامية في سورية، وفرض بعض الشروط الشكلية الواجب مراعاتها من قبل العاقدين، منها ما يتصل بشكل العقد ككتابة عقد الليزنغ ونشره أو شهره، ومنها ما يتصل بإثباته. وإذا كانت الشكلية هي استثناء من مبدأ الرضائية؛ لأن العقد لا يتم إلا إذا تم إفراغ التراضي بالشكل الذي حدده القانون - فهي ركن في التصرف ودونه ينعدم وجود العقد - فإن الشروط التي فرضها المشرّع على عقد الليزنغ لا تعد خروجاً على مبدأ الرضائية، وإنما مجرد تلطيف له، ولا يترتب على تخلفها بطلان العقد، وإنما يحول دون إثبات وجود آثار محددة. هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى إلقاء الضوء على تلك الشروط الشكلية، والنتائج القانونية التي تترتب على تخلفها في ضوء أحكام المرسوم التشريعي رقم 88 للعام 2010. و بينت أهمية مراعاة المتعاقدين لتلك الشروط، وخطورة تجاهلها على نفاذ حق ملكيتهم على الأموال محل العقد، وانتهت إلى تقديم بعض المقترحات التي تفيد في إزالة الغموض والنقص الذي يكتنف بعض أحكامها. The origin in the contracts is the consensual, the individuals have freedom in fulfilling whatever they want of contracts, and to specify the content of their commitments and effects, but the freedom of the individuals is no longer absolute when the state interfered to impose restraints on it inspired by the social thoughts, and economics policies. Due to the importance of the leasing contract in the economic life, and being a participant in putting a limit for the difficulties facing the investor in getting the loans, and on top of it the needed guarantees, thus the legislator interfered and issued the legislative decree no.88 dated 02/10/2010 regulating leasing processes and islamic renting in Syria, and imposing some formal conditions that must be applied by the contractors, some of them related to the form of the contract concerning writing of leasing contract, publishing and announcing it, and some of it related to confirming it. And if the formality was the exception to the principle of consensual; Because the contract is not accomplished unless the consensual registration is done according to the form specified by law, because it is a corner in conduct and without it the existence of the contract vanishes, and the conditions imposed by the legislator on the leasing contract is not an exception to the consensual principle, but only a lessening of it, and the contract is not a nullity of the contract, but it prevents prove the existence of specific effects. This study aimed at throwing light on those formal conditions and legal results that are resulting from its nullity in the light of legislative decree provisions no.88 for the year 2010. this study showed the importance that the contractors must take care of these conditions, and the risk of ignoring them on the applying of their ownership right on the money subject of the contract, it ended in submitting some suggestions in eliminating the obscurity and lack which is contained in some of its rules .

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Published

2017-02-27

How to Cite

1.
محفوض ع. الشروط الشكلية في عقد الإيجار التمويلي. Tuj-econ [Internet]. 2017Feb.27 [cited 2024Nov.25];37(5). Available from: https://journal.tishreen.edu.sy/index.php/econlaw/article/view/2523

Issue

Vol. 37 No. 5 (2015): العلوم الاقتصادية والقانونية

Section

Articles

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