السكان والتنمية الاجتماعية والاقتصادية في سوريا
Abstract
تسعى الشعوب والأمم إلى تحسين أوضاعها الاقتصادية والاجتماعية ورفع مستوى معيشة أبنائها وتلبية احتياجات مواطنيها، وتأمين الحرية السياسية وحقوق الإنسان والرفاهية لجميع الناس في دولها.
إن تلك الأهداف السابقة التي تسعى الأمم والشعوب إلي تحقيقهاتشكل ما يسمى التنمية الاجتماعية.
وفي هذا البحث تناولنا توضيح المعادلة الدقيقة بين زيادة السكان والعوامل المرتبطة بها وبين التنمية الاجتماعية، وبمعنى آخر المعادلة بين الموارد المحدودة وبين الاحتياجات المتزايدة.
فالواقع السكاني في سورية يتصف بنسبة نمو سكاني عالية ومعدلات خصوبة مرتفعة مما يفرض اتساع قاعدة الهرم السكاني وزيادة نسبة الشباب في المجتمع السوري، وهذا بدوره يؤدي إلى خلل في المعادلة السابقة، وتظهر المشاكل الاجتماعية المختلفة كزيادة نسبة العاطلين عن العمل والهجرة من الريف إلى المدينة وانخفاض مستوى الأجور وارتفاع تكاليف المعيشة.
إن هذا الوضع يتم تصحيحه بالتنمية الاقتصادية والاجتماعية وخلق المناخ المناسب للاستثمار، وقد شهد الاقتصاد السوري منذ السبعينات ثلاث مراحل رئيسية لحركة بعض المتغيرات الاقتصادية والتي تعتبر مؤشرات هامة على حركة الاستثمار في سورية وأبرز هذه المتغيرات الناتج المحلي الإجمالي والتكوين الرأسمالي والاستهلاك النهائي.
Economic and social development is realized when nations and peoples try to improve the social and economic conditions of their citizens, raising their living standards and securing the environment for political freedom and human rights.
This study tries to explain the fine balance struck in Syria between population growth, including the factors associated with it, and the social development. In other words, the study explains the balance between limited resources and rising needs.
Syria has a high percentage of population growth and fertility rate, making it a country with a large young population, thereby disturbing the balance just mentioned. Consequently, social problems arise, including increase in the number of unemployed people, migration from country to towns, decrease of wages, and increase of the costs of living.
This situation can be rectified through social development and creation of proper environment for investment. Since 1970s, the Syrian economy has undergone major changes, which can be considered important signs of investment mood. The most prominent of such changes are growth domestic product, formation of capital, and final consumption.
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