نموذج مقترح للتنبؤ بأزمات أسعار الصرف في مصر باستخدام منهج الإشارة المطور
Abstract
نموذج مقترح للتنبؤ بأزمات أسعار الصرف في مصر باستخدام منهج الإشارة المطور
رانيا الزرير
ربا فهمي كوكش
يعتبر سعر الصرف أحد المؤشرات الاقتصادية والمالية التي تعبر عن جودة الأداء الاقتصادي لأية دولة، كما يعتبر مؤشراً شديد الحساسية نظراً للمؤثرات الداخلية والخارجية التي يتعرض لها، لذا حاولت الباحثة وضع تصور مبدئي لأهم محددات سعر الصرف والتي يمكن أن تكون مؤشرات إنذار مبكر لاحتمالية حدوث أزمة سعر صرف.
وقد استخدمت الباحثة نموذج الإشارة المطور من قبل (Kaminsky,1998) وقد تم التطبيق على الحالة المصرية خلال الفترة الممتدة بين الربع الأول من العام 2010 والربع الأول من العام 2016.
كما استخدمت الباحثة مؤشر Exchange market pressure index كمتغير تابع، وتم رصد حركته خلال فترة الدراسة وتحديد الفترات التي تجاوز بها قيمة العتبة والتي تمثلت بالربع الأول من العام 2010 والربع الأول من العام 2015 والعام 2016 وتعريفها كفترة أزمة سعر صرف[[1]].
وقد تم رصد خمسة متغيرات اقتصادية كلية أثبتت معنويتها في التنبؤ بأزمة سعر الصرف وفقاً لنسبة NTSR وهي نسبة الائتمان المحلي إلى الناتج المحلي الإجمالي ومعدل نمو كل من الصادرات والواردات والناتج المحلي الإجمالي وحجم الاحتياطيات الأجنبية ومعدل نمو العرض النقدي M0.
Exchange rate is considered one of the most important economic and financial indicators that reflects the quality of the economical behavior of any country, furthermore the exchange rate is considered as a high sensitive indicator according to the internal and external effects.
For that researcher tried to build an initial vision for the most important determinants of the exchange rate that could be considered an early warning indicator to predict a currency crisis.
The researcher used signal approach of (Kaminsky,1998) as a model and applied it on the Egyptian situation during the period from the first quarter of 2010 to the first quarter 2016.
The researcher also used the exchange market pressure index as an independent variable and studied its movement during the mentioned period and determined the periods when it exceeded the threshold value, which were represented in the first quarter of 2013,2015,2016 and define it as a period of currency crisis [1].
Discovered five economical macro variables proved it’s significant in predicting currency crisis according to NTSR ratio which represents local credit to GDP and the growth rate, imports, exports, GDP and total foreign currency reserves. The total and the growth of money supply M0.
** طالبة دراسات عليا (دكتوراه)- قسم مصارف وتأمين – كلية الاقتصاد- جامعة دمشق – دمشق – سورية- البريد الالكتروني: ruba988@hotmail.com
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