Tishreen University Journal- Economic and Legal Sciences Series

Using multivariate analysis to classify traditional private banks operating in Syria according to financial performance indicators

camellia alabras — 2024-07-01

The research aims to identify the forms of bank financing provided by traditional banks, and to measure the impact of internal factors on the volume of private banking investment. The research is based on the descriptive analytical approach, and multivariate analysis (standard models) was adopted to discover the impact of factors on the size of private banking employment. The E-VIWS program was used to extract and show the results and test the hypotheses. The financial statements published from 2010 to 2021 were used Among the most important results: There is a positive, statistically significant effect of the debt ratio (DPOS) on the banking investment rate, and the most influential indicators were for the equity ratio (EOA) and the rate of return on equity (ROE), and there is a negative, statistically significant effect for the rate of return on assets. (ROA) on the bank investment rate, while there is no statistically significant effect for the liquidity ratio (DOCA) and the shareholder equity ratio of total deposits (EOD) on the bank investment rate.

Predicting the number of Tishreen University graduates using exponential smoothing during the period (1979-2020)

riham shaaban — 2024-07-01

Predicting the number of Tishreen University graduates plays an important role in proper planning for graduates, as the current study aimed to predict the number of Tishreen University graduates using the time series of the number of graduates to achieve the desired goal. Exponential smoothing was used to predict the number of Tishreen University graduates, because of its high ability to process the time series. The descriptive statistical approach was relied upon in addition to the inductive analytical approach in order to describe the study data As well as testing its hypotheses, the study concluded that the double exponential smoothing model is more efficient in forecasting because it has the lowest value for the forecast accuracy criteria, RMSE, MAE. Therefore, it was relied upon in forecasting the number of Tishreen University graduates during the next five years, because of the importance of this topic in order to know the nature of The relationship between the competencies of Tishreen University graduates and the needs of the labor market.

The impact of work ethics in improving marketing performance (Field study in private banks in Lattakia Governorate)

sarah al-darf — 2024-07-01

The study mainly aimed at determining the impact of work ethics in its dimensions (honesty and integrity, integrity and transparency, independence and objectivity) on improving the marketing performance of private banks in Lattakia Governorate.

The researcher followed the analytical descriptive approach, and a set of methods, including relying on secondary and primary data, through a questionnaire designed and distributed to (120) respondents, from which (115) were retrieved, and (99) questionnaires were valid for analysis, and the research community consisted of a cadre of workers in Private banks in Lattakia Governorate, then the SPSS program was relied upon as a tool for analyzing the available data.

The study concluded that there is a significant impact of work ethics in improving the marketing performance of private banks in Lattakia, and the worker does not avoid any relationships that may appear to lose objectivity and independence when doing business, and the bank does not continuously seek to maintain and expand its market share, and the bank does not seek to increase its sales from in its marketing strategies.

The Zionist Entity’s Violations Of The Rules For Protecting Medical Facilities In Gaza

Yasmin Alnoayme — 2024-07-01

The Gaza Strip is part of the occupied Palestinian territories that were occupied as a result of the hostilities in the 1967 war, and accordingly the Zionist entity has an obligation to implement the provisions of international humanitarian law based on its being an occupying authority on the one hand, and on the one hand it is an occupying. On the other hand, it is state party to the fourth Geneva convention of 1949. Despite this, it is noted that it always commit many violations of the rules of this law, the most serious of which is the violations that affect medical facilities, given that they are allocated under the rules of international humanitarian law with special protection, in addition to… the general protection provided for all civilian objects during situations of armed conflict. This is due to several considerations, the most important of which is that these facilities fall within the scope of objects that are indispensable for preserving the health and life of civilians. Treatment and health care for sick and wounded civilians cannot be provided except through them, which is imperative. Granting this type of protection to it, not for its own sake, but rather as ancillary to protecting civilians.

Using Cluster Analysis For Selecting Comparison Countries In Economic And Social Researches

Ammar ramadan — 2024-07-01

This research aims to use cluster analysis to classify the countries of the world into homogeneous groups to carry out comparative studies within economic and social research in a way that ensures the correct selection of comparison countries according to an objective scientific basis.

The research was conducted to identify homogeneous comparison countries based on the development indicators found on the World Data Bank website (WDB), which number 1,412 indicators for each country, where the number of countries was 196 countries for each year of the study, which extends from 2011 to 2020.

The study reached the possibility of conducting a cluster analysis to classify countries into groups. The cluster analysis was conducted and the countries were classified according to the available social and economic indicators. It was found that there are many countries that are homogeneous with Syria according to those indicators, as they were the neighboring countries that could be compared with Syria according to the economic indicators was Iraq and phalastina, and the Arab countries that can be compared with Syria according to economic indicators were: Iraq - Mauritania - Saudi Arabia - Sudan - South Sudan - Yemen - Palestine. Where The BRICS countries that can be compared with Syria according to economic indicators were: Argentina - Ethiopia - Saudi Arabia - South Africa.

The neighboring countries that can be compared with Syria according to social indicators were: Iraq - Lebanon - Jordan – Türkiye, and The Arab countries that can be compared with Syria according to social indicators were: Iraq - Jordan - Lebanon - Kuwait - Libya - Morocco - Oman - Qatar - Saudi Arabia - Tunisia -Emirates – Palestine, Where The BRICS countries that can be compared with Syria according to social indicators were: Argentina - Brazil - China - Egypt - India - Iran - Saudi Arabia - South Africa - UAE.

The impact of investment in industrial cities on economic development indicators in Syria

anas tourafi — 2024-07-01

This study aimed to identify the extent to which Syrian industrial cities contribute to advancing economic development by attracting Arab and foreign investments, demonstrating their impact on the gross domestic product, and creating job opportunities for the workforce to reduce the problem of unemployment.

This study was carried out in a group of Syrian industrial cities: the industrial city of Adra (Damascus), the industrial city of Sheikh Najjar (Aleppo), and the industrial city of Hasiya (Homs).

In the beginning, some literature related to the research was studied to obtain a deep understanding of the problem. The size of investments in industrial cities and the extent of their impact on reducing unemployment was defined. The most important statistical methods for the study were pointed out, and some statistical methods were summarized by relying on appropriate statistical tools such as correlations and analysis of variance.

في البداية تمت دراسة بعض المؤلفات المتعلقة بالبحث للحصول على فهم عميق للمشكلة. وتم تحديد حجم الاستثمارات في المدن الصناعية ومدى تأثيرها في الحد من البطالة. وتم الإشارة إلى أهم الأساليب الإحصائية للدراسة، كما تم تلخيص بعض الأساليب الإحصائية بالاعتماد على الأدوات الإحصائية المناسبة مثل علاقات الارتباط وتحليل التباين.

In the beginning, some literature related to the research was studied to gain a deep understanding of the problem. The size of investments in industrial cities and the extent of their impact on reducing unemployment was defined. The most important statistical methods for the study were pointed out, and some statistical methods were summarized by relying on appropriate statistical tools such as correlations and analysis of variance.

يتعذّر تحميل النتائج بالكامل.

إعادة المحاولة

جارٍ إعادة المحاولة...

And index numbers and time series with the help of appropriate statistical programs. The most important results of this study were: 1- The volume of investments in the industrial cities studied separately is linked to the gross domestic product in Syria with a first-degree linear regression relationship. 2- The volume of investments is linked to the unemployment rate.

والأرقام القياسية والسلاسل الزمنية بالاستعانة بالبرامج الإحصائية المناسبة. وكانت أهم نتائج هذه الدراسة ما يلي: 1- يرتبط حجم الاستثمارات في المدن الصناعية المدروسة بشكل منفصل بالناتج المحلي الإجمالي في سورية بعلاقة انحدار خطي من الدرجة الأولى. 2- يرتبط حجم الاستثمارات بمعدل البطالة.

And index numbers and time series with the help of appropriate statistical programs. The most important results of this study were: 1- The volume of investments in the industrial cities studied separately is linked to the GDP in Syria with a first-degree linear regression relationship. 2- The volume of investments is linked to the unemployment rate.

يتعذّر تحميل النتائج بالكامل.

إعادة المحاولة

جارٍ إعادة المحاولة...

In Syria, there is a first-degree linear regression relationship.

Effective contribution to the realization of major small projects in Syria (A field study on some medium and small projects in Hama Governorate)

adeeb saker — 2024-06-04

Through the field study, the research aims to evaluate the impact of strategic planning on the efficiency and effectiveness of small and medium enterprises in the Syrian Arab Republic. Assessing the impact of vision and mission as dimensions of strategic planning on the efficiency and effectiveness of small and medium enterprises, and thus presenting the results of the field study to benefit from them in development and change.

. In this study, the researcher reached several results, the most important of which are:

Strategic planning has an effective role and great importance in influencing the efficiency and effectiveness of small and medium enterprises in Hama Governorate.
There are positive indicators that reinforce the importance of the vision and its impact on the efficiency and effectiveness of small and medium enterprises in Hama Governorate.
The results indicated that the vision of small and medium enterprises in Hama Governorate determines their current field of activity and future directions.

Using ARDL Models To Study The Impact Of Internal Factors On Total Investments In The Syrian General Insurance Corporation

yassera draibatiy — 2024-06-04

The research aims to study and analyze the stationary of internal factors (the independent variables) represented by the following variables:

1- liquidity ratio, 2- financial solvency,3- risk,4- number of branches, and also the stationary of the total investments variable (the dependent variable) in the Syrian General Insurance Corporation, using an autoregressive model for distributed lag periods.

Study run equilibrium relationship between internal factors and the total investments variable in the Syrian General Insurance Corporation.

Through this research, - it was concluded that both the variables of financial solvency and total investments were stationary at the original level, - the rest of the variables were stationary at the first difference, - there was a long-run equilibrium relationship between internal factors and the total investments variable in the Syrian General Insurance Corporation.

Testing The Efficiency of the Damascus Stock Exchange MARKET at The Weak level using Random walking

Salman malla — 2024-06-04

The research aims to test The Efficiency of the Damascus Stock Exchange Market according to the random walk hypothesis at the weak level, and thus measure the extent to which some investors can achieve normal returns using statistical tests.

The study found a number of result:

- Damascus Stock Exchange Market is considered inefficient at the weak level of efficiency.
- There is a possibility of achieving unusual returns by some investors.

Evaluating The Relationship Between Human Resources Management Practices And Career Development For Employees In The Ministry Of Higher Education In The State Of Kuwait

Faleh Albouss — 2024-06-04

This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between human resources management practices in the Ministry of Higher Education in the State of Kuwait, and the career development of its employees. To achieve the objectives of the study, the descriptive analytical method and the questionnaire were used as a tool for collecting data, from the study sample, which consisted of (279) employees. Workers in the Ministry of Higher Education in the State of Kuwait. The results of the study concluded that the reality of applying human resources management practices in the Ministry of Higher Education in the State of Kuwait in general was high, and the order of application of human resources management practices was descending from most to least applied to The following figure: Human resources planning is in first place, training and development is second, recruitment and recruitment is third, compensation and incentives are fourth, and performance evaluation is fifth. The results also showed an increase in the reality of career development for employees in the Ministry of Higher Education in the State of Kuwait, and that there are no statistically significant differences when The level of significance (α ≤ 0.05) between the responses of the sample members about the reality of applying human resources management practices in the Ministry of Higher Education in the State of Kuwait, or about the level of career development for its employees, which is attributed to the variables of gender and the number of years of experience. Finally, it was found that there is A significant correlation at the significance level (α ≤ 0.05) between human resources management practices and career development for employees in the Ministry of Higher Education in the State of Kuwait.

Obstacles to entrepreneurship from the perspective of graduate students at Tishreen University - A field study-

Nermin Mousa — 2024-06-04

Educational institutions play a major role in shaping individuals’ awareness of social and economic variables, modifying their attitudes towards them, and arousing their interest in them, especially those variables related to economic well-being, such as entrepreneurship.

Graduate students constitute one of the most educated and innovative groups in society, and therefore their role in the field of entrepreneurship is of great importance. Universities are a good intellectual environment for creativity and entrepreneurial thinking to grow. However, there are potential challenges and obstacles that graduate students may face in achieving their entrepreneurial ambitions.

The researcher relied on the questionnaire as a tool for collecting data, by conducting personal interviews with a number of members of the research sample. The questionnaire was distributed to 90 people, 80 were retrieved, and 5 were excluded because they were not suitable for analysis. Thus, the sample size reached 75 people from graduate students at Tishreen University.

The researcher found that there are several obstacles to entrepreneurship from the point of view of graduate students at Tishreen University, the most prominent of which were financial obstacles, then academic obstacles, then social obstacles.

The researcher recommended the necessity of working to overcome all obstacles in entrepreneurship by developing a culture of entrepreneurship among graduate students, starting with academic curricula, linking theoretical study to practical and field study, providing financial support to graduate students, and spreading a culture in society about the importance of entrepreneurship and its role in development. Economic and social.

Medical experiments between the necessity of scientific progress and ensuring human safety

Eva Ramadan — 2024-06-04

Most laws tend to regulate provisions relating to medical experiments on humans. Therefore, this study deals with explaining the concept of medical experiments, and the suitability and adequacy of these provisions in ensuring protection for the person subject to the medical experiment, whether he is a patient or a volunteer.

The Syrian legislator has issued a law related to pharmaceutical studies, but there is no special law regulating the subject of medical experiments. Therefore, this research suggests the necessity of enacting a law regarding medical experiments and the liability resulting from them.

The Effect of Digital Economy on Financial Sector Comparative Study

Anas Ali — 2024-06-04

The research aims to analyze the relationship between the digital economy (Online Services Index, Telecommunications Infrastructure Index Human Capital Index) on the one hand as an independent variable, and the financial sector represented by the stock market and the banking sector on the other hand as a dependent variable. The research adopted the descriptive analytical approach to reach the results, as the results showed a significant impact of the digital economy indicators for both the communications infrastructure variable and the human capital variable on the financial sector in the long term in Lebanon, while the results did not show a significant impact of the digital economy indicators on the financial sector on the financial sector in the long term. Long term in Jordan.

In order to benefit from the results of the study in Syria, the research recommended the need to proceed with the digital transformation policy in order to advance on the ladder of the digital economy by devoting electronic trading in financial markets and electronic payment in commercial transactions.

Evaluating The Extent Of Applying The Benchmarking Method At Tishreen University From The View Point Of Administrators (A Case Study)

Ghalia Al-Sarakbe — 2024-06-04

The current research handles the reality of Tishreen University’s application of the benchmarking method, the research aimed to determine the extent of the university’s application of benchmarking types (internal benchmarking, performance benchmarking, and strategic benchmarking). The comprehensive inventory method was applied for administrators working at the university in (senior and middle management), consisting of (72) individual. The research relied on the questionnaire as a data collection tool. Several key findings were highlighted: The University applies the benchmarking method, as the results showed that the level of application of the University for both types of external benchmarking (performance benchmarking and strategic benchmarking) was high, while the level of application of internal benchmarking was medium. It indicates that the university conducts the external benchmarking greater than the internal comparison. Among the most important recommendations was the need to better apply internal benchmarking by identifying the units with the best performance, and identifying strengths and weaknesses within the university, to achieve improvements that contribute to provide better quality in services. Additionally, the need to pay greater attention to apply strategic benchmarking by setting clear and measurable goals associated with the university's vision and mission about areas that can be improved by using strategic benchmarking, and analyzing the strategies of better universities and learning from them.

Evaluating The Level Of Application Of Innovative Marketing In Syrian Industrial Companies A Field Study In The Syrian Arab Company For Electronic Industries (Syronics)

Ammar Zidan — 2024-06-04

The purpose of this research is to study the availability and application of innovative marketing strategies in industrial companies in the Syrian Arab Republic, through a study of the Syrian Arab Company for Electronic Industries, by evaluating the availability of the four dimensions of innovative marketing (product innovation, pricing innovation, distribution innovation, and promotion innovation).

The descriptive method was adopted by referring to previous studies and accurately describing the study variables. The questionnaire was used as a tool for collecting primary data, by distributing the questionnaire to a convenient random sample of 99 company customers. The t-test for one sample was used as one of the tests necessary to achieve the objectives of the study.

A number of results were reached, including:

There was a high degree of use and application of product innovation by the Syrian Arab Company for Electronic Industries.
There was a high degree of application of pricing innovation by the Syrian Arab Company for Electronic Industries.
There was a high degree of application of distribution innovation by the Syrian Arab Company for Electronic Industries.
There was a high degree of application of promotion innovation by the Syrian Arab Company for Electronic Industries

The Reality of Using International Marketing Strategies in Good Food Industries Company: A Case Study

Tarek Alia — 2024-06-04

The aim of the research is to assess the reality of the application of international marketing strategies (international pricing, international promotion, international product, international distribution) at Jude Food Industries Company. The research adopted the case study curriculum, which is a research method concerned with a phenomenon or a specific event in depth and comprehensively, and the researcher conducted a set of interviews with administrators responsible for the Joud Food Industries Company, and their number reached (35) administrators, where the questionnaire was distributed to the study tool to them, in order to evaluate the reality of using international marketing strategies.

The search results revealed that the company applies the international pricing strategy to a moderate degree by relying on the cost as a standard for pricing its services, and the international promotion strategy applies high by relying on the advertisement on internet sites to promote its services in international markets, and the international product strategy is applied high by developing its services including The international market requirements are compatible, the adoption of a quality certificate, and the international distribution strategy applies to a moderate degree through the use of electronic networks to exchange information with suppliers.

The role of the middle class in achieving social integration

dania almulki — 2024-06-04

The middle class is the mainstay of the social structure within the state because it includes the largest number of the state’s population, as well as the type because it includes different segments of citizens with different specializations, ages, and orientations. Because of its importance, the middle class was the true safety valve of the state against any external aggression or attempt to destabilize internally. Unfortunately, recently, due to economic and political changes, we have noticed a decline in the

number of the middle class, as well as a defect in the social structure, which has truly caused a state of instability within the country. These variables led to a state of instability that spread and affected the middle class and affected its actual presence within society. The middle class is the class that maintains or overpowers, destroys or builds, kindles or extinguishes. The survival of the middle class, the effectiveness of its role and the extent of its influence in society, is evidence of the success of the state’s political and economic plans. Its disappearance is evidence of a failure to do so. The middle class works to achieve social integration within the state and the unity of its ranks, because it is not from the upper class that has made power or money forget the needs and requirements of the people, and it is not from the lower class that does not know how to express its needs, does not realize the true meaning and purpose behind every political decision or action, and does not give importance to the process. Political participation. The middle class is the mainstay of the unity of society and the achievement of social integration within it. Therefore, the factors and reasons for its decline must be studied, as well as the importance and centrality of its role explained, and work must be done to enhance its presence and survival through reform plans.

The Moderating Role Of Organizational Citizenship In The Relationship Between Organizational Change’s Soft Components And Operational Efficiency Promotion -Field Study On The Two Telecommunications Companies Operating In Syria, Syriatel And MTN-

ali ismail — 2024-06-04

In the context of this research, the impact of soft components of change management (motivation, HR policies, and innovation) on the operational efficiency of organizations is investigated using the organizational citizenship as a modifying variable in this relationship. Referring to the literature review within the scope of this research, the researchers found a positive correlation between the aforementioned organizational change management factors and the operational efficiency of operations. In order to verify this relationship, the researcher surveyed of 143 employees of organizational development departments in the Syrian private telecommunications sector during the year 2023 using a questionnaire and based on a theoretical model drawn from the RBV in organizations.

As a result of the statistical analysis, the research accepted the significant impact of change management on operational efficiency through the studied independent sub-variables, and it was found that the modifying organizational citizenship variable maintains the significance of motivation only in the relationship between change management and operational efficiency. This is consistent with many previous studies that emphasized the strengthening of leadership patterns and communication with internal clients of change in organizations as a major determinant in the success of organizational change initiatives, while not neglecting the roles of HR role and innovation as essential variables in achieving the desired strategic goals of organizations.

The impact of climate change on the Food Security Index in the Syrian Arab Republic

Lama ALkhatib — 2024-06-04

This study aimed to study the impact of climate changes on the Food Security Index as an indicator of sustainable development in Syria during the period (2021-1990), climate changes were represented by variable temperatures and variable rainfall, as it is considered one of the most important indicators of the climate situation, this study dealt with the Food Security Index expressed by the average per capita of the Food Security Index, where we calculated it by dividing wheat production (being a strategic crop in Syria) by the population during the study period, based on the fact that Syria is a primarily agricultural country, and agricultural production is a cornerstone of economic growth, and in addition, the agricultural sector is one of the most Sensitivity to climate changes, we used the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method to find out the impact of climate changes on the Food Security Index. the study found a statistically significant relationship between climate changes represented by (temperatures-rainfall) and the Food Security Index in Syria. the study recommended taking measures to mitigate the effects of climate changes, because of their significant negative effects on important sustainable development indicators such as the Food Security Index.

An Econometric Study of the Relationship Between Consumer Spending and the Inflation Rate in Syria During the Period 1980-2021

Gaidak Naser — 2024-06-04

The research aimed to determine the relationship between consumer spending and the inflation rate in Syria during the period 1980-2021, and to provide a comprehensive understanding of that relationship and its impact on the Syrian economy.

The process of determining the appropriate model to model the relationship between consumer spending and the inflation rate through co-integration, and appropriate statistical models, such as the co-integration model, were used to analyze and interpret this relationship. Tests were conducted to ensure the quality of the model used in modeling the relationship between consumer spending and the inflation rate. This included analyzing random errors, such as standard error analysis, and estimating appropriate statistical indicators to evaluate the model’s performance.

The results indicated that there is an inverse relationship between consumer spending and the inflation rate in Syria during the period 1980-2021, meaning that an increase in consumer spending leads to a decrease in the inflation rate, and vice versa.

Studying the role of educational curricula in qualifying students to enter the labor market and prepare for careers (Form for students of the applied college at Tishreen University)

Majd Dali — 2024-06-04

The aim of the research is to identify the role of the curricula used in qualifying students to enter the labor market, and career readiness from the point of view of graduate students from the Applied College at Tishreen University, where the descriptive analytical method was adopted as a research approach, and the questionnaire was also used to collect data and information, where 152 questionnaires were distributed. Students must retrieve it completely, and then analyze it using the spss program.

The results of the research showed that the role of the curricula used in developing

Student's skills in accordance with the requirements of the labor market was to a moderate degree, due to the absence of coordination between the educational institutions responsible for developing curricula and institutions and companies in the public and private sectors to know the skills that these companies need in order to

Work on their development among students. And focus on them and the suitability of

The theoretical subjects studied by students with the requirements of the labor market,

And the extent to which the curricula include aspects related to the future of the graduate were also moderate. The research also showed the presence of statistically

Significant differences at the 5% significance level for the role of the curriculum in

Developing students, skills in a manner consistent with labor market requirements attributed to the gender variable in favor of male respondents.

Hybrid war and its repercussions on the security and economy of syria

Basil Zina — 2024-06-04

The global war broke out on Syria in March 2011, after Syria was moving clearly towards a social market economy - despite some reservations about some neoliberal economic policies - and achieved good results in terms of the growth rate of the gross domestic product, encouraging foreign investments, and establishing industrial cities.. ......

However, this process stopped after the hybrid war on Syria in 2011, and the catastrophic effects and crises it left on the various sectors of the state, on the components of the gross domestic product, and on inflation levels, thus greatly affecting purchasing power.

Which made us take a look at the economic conditions before the war and during the war, so that we may benefit from the mistakes of the past in the stage of reconstruction and development.

A Benchmark Study Of The Impact Of The War On Syria On The Liquidity Of Traditional Private Banks Operating In Syria During The Period 2007-2021

Enas zarzour — 2024-06-04

The research aimed to study the impact of the War on Syria on the liquidity of traditional private banks operating in Syria, by relying on a statistical analysis approach and quantitatively inferring the effects of the War on Syria .

The research community included all (11) traditional private banks operating in Syria, and data related to financial indicators related to traditional private banks operating in Syria were collected from the official website of the Central Bank of Syria, and from the official website of the Damascus Stock Exchange, and through financial reports that the banks publish it on their websites, for the period extending from the year 2007 until the year 2021. A set of statistical methods were relied upon, the most important of which are the ARDL model and the VECM error correction model, to measure the impact of the War on Syria on the liquidity of the banks under study, in addition to ensuring the quality of the estimated models using a test. Representation quality and tests of the goodness of residual models.

The research results showed that there is a direct impact of the War on Syria on liquidity, as the effects of the War on Syria increase in the long term in light of the current data, and its impact is direct, as each year it leads to an increase in liquidity by 12.5%.

This means that the War on Syria did not have an immediate impact on liquidity, but rather its impact increased over time. This may be due to the migration factor, which led to an increase in demand for foreign currencies, which contributed to an increase in liquidity. This may be due to the volume of international financial aid during the War on Syria period, which Contribute to increasing liquidity.

Therefore, private banks should enhance the level of liquidity by increasing current assets versus total assets, in order to improve their ability to meet financial obligations under War on Syria conditions.

The effect of job stability is one of the dimensions of incentives in improving the performance of workers in the agricultural sector (Field study in the Agriculture Directorate in Latakia)

Hadeel Baddour — 2024-07-01

The study aimed to determine the effect of job stability in its dimensions (group cohesion, feeling of security, participation in decision-making, planning and development of the human resource) in improving the performance of workers in the agricultural sector.

The researcher relied on the descriptive approach to describe the research variables and analyze them based on the primary data collected. The researcher conducted a field study on the Directorate of Agriculture in Latakia Governorate to collect the necessary primary data. She also measured the variables on all the primary data that was collected through a questionnaire that was designed from While the researcher reviewed previous studies and literature, and in order to test the hypotheses, the researcher transcribed the raw data into a database that was analyzed using SPSS version 20, and the researcher used a set of statistical methods.

The study found that there is an acceptable moral effect of job stability in improving the performance of workers in the agricultural sector, as the value of the correlation coefficient reached 0.921, and sig = 0.000, and this is confirmed by the four sub-hypotheses, as the results of the first hypothesis demonstrated the presence of a strong moral effect of group cohesion in improving the performance of workers in The agricultural sector in the Lattakia Agriculture Directorate. The value of sig = 0.000 and the correlation coefficient was 0.832, which is a strong coefficient, which indicates the strong effect of group cohesion in improving the performance of workers. The results of the second hypothesis proved the presence of a strong moral effect of the feeling of security in improving the performance of workers in the agricultural sector in Lattakia Agriculture Directorate, the value of sig = 0.000 and the correlation coefficient was 0.889, which is a strong coefficient, which indicates the strong effect of the feeling of security in improving the performance of workers

Studying the importance of localization of electronic commerce and its impact on foreign trade

zomoroda marouf — 2024-07-01

This study aims to study the role of electronic commerce to enhance it in a way that serves the activity of foreign trade operations, especially after its size began to increase rapidly and its emergence was accompanied by a fundamental change in its business environment. On the one hand, it is a tool of an intangible nature, and on the other hand, due to its unique character and its influential role in... Making commercial and economic activities more flexible and effective, thus activating small and medium enterprises, increasing competitiveness, speeding up completion of deals, and reducing costs and expenses that affect commercial operations. Its role in this has become clear in light of the anxious political conditions of some countries as well. Thus, it contributes to activating countries’ foreign trade and increasing the growth and flexibility of economic commercial activities.