Tishreen University Journal -Engineering Sciences Series,

Enhancing Localization and Orientation of Dental Tools Using Isolation and Deep Learning Algorithms: A Case Study Utilizing YOLOv5, GrabCut, and PCA

Aya Kheirbeq, Iyad Hatem — Sun, 17 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Dental instrument retrieval during surgeries demands precise identification and localization to select the correct tool per the surgeon's requirements. Challenges with human dental assistants include tool misidentification, accidental contact with sharp tips, and potential infection exposure. This research proposes practical solutions for detecting, categorizing, isolating, and localizing specific dental instruments based on the dentist's needs.

We explore the application of the YOLOv5 deep learning algorithm for tool detection and classification, using predefined classes to determine Bounding Boxes (BBs). The Grabcut algorithm is then used to isolate the tool and create a foreground mask. Next, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is employed for precise localization of the detected instruments.

Our approach leverages deep learning algorithms to accelerate the detection and classification of dental tools, integrating them with background isolation algorithms to obtain an ideal tool mask. Additionally, we determine the tool's orientation using eigenvectors to obtain the general orientation via PCA. The proposed model aims to ensure the lowest position error and minimum calculation time, even as the environment changes.

Improving response the reinforced concrete slabs under Blast loading using (CFRP)

obay shaaban, Hussam Bllot — Sun, 17 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

As a result of the increase in terrorist attacks in recent years, and their threat to public facilities, assessing the structural integrity of facilities damaged by explosions has become an interesting topic for researchers. Explosions may lead to partial collapse of buildings and may also cause complete collapse of facilities. Therefore, accurately representing the blast load and its consequences is of great importance. In this research, an analytical study was conducted on the effect of this load on reinforced concrete slabs using the finite element method to model a reinforced concrete slab working in one direction and the loads affecting it, using the program ABAQUS2017, which simulates the blast wave by creating a time record of the wave as a function of the blast distance. The weight of the explosion charge, which is taken as the equivalent weight of TNT.

Then, after modeling and analysis, carbon fiber-reinforced polymer strips (CFRP) were added and the results were compared with ordinary reinforced concrete. It was noted that the response improved when adding carbon strips to the face of the slab exposed to tension, and when adding carbon fiber-reinforced polymer strips to both sides of the studied slab, the response improved further.

Effect of Waves' Parameters on the Efficiency of a Pontoon Floating Breakwater Using Computational Fluid Dynamics

Baraa Alia, Amaal Haidar — Sun, 17 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Floating breakwaters are one of the coastal protection structures. They are usually designed to protect port's facilities and beaches. The often-used type of breakwaters is the conventional type such as the rubble mound type. However, climate change that causes tidal variations and sea level rise, as well as unsuitable soil conditions to receive large structural loads will be more economical if using floating breakwaters. In this study, a numerical simulation will be conducted using FLOW 3D software. The aim of this research is to study the effect of wave parameters (height and length) on the efficiency of a pontoon floating breakwater.

Studying and Detecting of Security Attacks on Fog Computing Systems using Blockchain

Husain Shaban, Ahmed Saqr Ahmed , Inas Laila — Sun, 17 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Fog computing extends cloud computing capabilities to the edge of the network, bringing computing and storage closer to users and devices as this distributed architecture improves the efficiency of data processing and analysis while reducing latency.

In the context of security, fog computing faces many challenges such as securing communication between distributed devices, ensuring data integrity, and protecting against malicious attacks. It has been shown that traditional security measures may not be sufficient to address these challenges due to the dynamic and decentralized nature of fog computing systems. Hence the use of block chain technology in fog computing, where a secure and tamper-resistant distributed ledger (Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT)) can be used to verify the integrity of data and transactions. Blockchain's decentralized consensus mechanism enhances the reliability and resilience of fog computing networks, making them more robust against security attacks. In this research, we studied and evaluated security attacks on fog computing networks and studied the impact of integrating block chains to enhance security measures in fog computing systems through the use of smart contracts. We used IfogSim to simulate fog computing, and the LOIC TOOLS tool to implement security attacks. The results showed the benefit of the block chain. This reduces the effectiveness of attacks by improving performance and network utilization by 68.17% and reducing delay by 68.26% in the presence of a DDOS attack

Improving the Performance of Kalman Filter in PID Control Systems Using Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithms

ahmed Ali, Mohsen Daoud — Sun, 17 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This article provides a study to enhance the performance of a control system, specifically the system relying on a PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) controller with a Kalman filter, by incorporating artificial intelligence techniques (genetic algorithm and artificial neural network) into the previous system. The research aims to analyze and evaluate the performance of the proposed system compared to the traditional PID controller with a Kalman filter. To achieve this, the system was applied to an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) and simulations were conducted under ideal conditions (without noise) and in a marine operating environment (with noise).

Simulations were performed and the results were presented using MATLAB software. Simulation results of steering angle control for the vehicle (without noise) showed a decrease in Integral Absolute Error (IAE), overshoot, and settling time by 61%, 28%, and 78.4%, respectively. Meanwhile, simulation results (with noise) exhibited a decrease in IAE and overshoot by 94.9% and 23.5%, respectively. However, the settling time was not achieved in the PID model with a Kalman filter because the noise caused oscillations in the response function beyond the acceptable error range for settling time.

On the other hand, the settling time for the proposed algorithm with similar noise was comparable to the settling time without noise.

Studying the suitability of Al-Thawra Dam Lake water for drinking purposes using quality indicators ( NSF- CCME)

Madleen Hmaesha, Adel Awad, Raed Jafar — Sun, 24 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The study aimed to determine the suitability of the water of Al-Thawra Dam Lake in Latakia Governorate for drinking purposes using quality indicators ( NSF-CCME) Physical, chemical and microbial analyzes of the lake’s water were conducted during a complete hydrological cycle during the period from March (2022) to April (2023), Samples were taken from four locations:

1- Lake entrance ( S1) -2- Spillway ( S2) 3- Irrigation socket ( S3) 4- Beheira( S4)

The study concluded:

When applying the World Water Quality Index (NSF WQI), the lake’s water quality fell under Class (C) and was therefore classified as Average quality at all monitoring points.

While the lake's water quality according to the Canadian Ministers of the Environment Index (CCME WQI) at all monitoring sites falls under the marginal classification, and thus the water quality is frequently threatened or poor and often deviates from normal levels

Therefore, we find that the lake’s water, according to the two indicators (NSF-CCME), is not suitable for drinking and needs treatment.

"Modeling the Performance of the Reverse Osmosis System (RO) for Desalination using MATLAB Software."

Shahed Abdulmoumem, Ammar Dabaliz, Raed Jafar — Sun, 24 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Reverse osmosis systems are considered systems in the water purification process that serve in various fields. Experimental models are an expensive and time-consuming approach to studying reverse osmosis membrane systems while the using of software-based computer models as an alternative method for predicting membrane performance, in order to predict future total decadent material values, a model of ANN industrial neural networks was created using MATLAB software, The samples were physically and chemically picked and analyzed for the plant's raw water and water in case of study, water treatment plant at Hamishu Metal Company , parameters affecting the value of the total decadent substances out (temperature, pH, pressure, total decadent substances) were measured for the water entering and exiting the station and then, a model of Neural Net Fitting-type of artifical neural networks was created, the results demonstrated the model's ability to predict R = 0.97 efficiency by comparison between calculated and measured values.

Three-dimensional Numerical Study of the Seismic Response of Piled Raft using Pseudo-static Method

nisreen kaddar, Toufik Fayad — Sun, 24 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

A piled raft foundation (PRF) is generally used for high-rise buildings, the conventional design of piled raft does not include the capacity of piled raft under combined lateral and vertical load, however vertical (v), horizontal (H)loading may act on the foundation simultaneously. The present study examines the behavior of piled raft foundation in sandy soil under V-H(Pseudo-static) interaction using plaxis3D.

We study the effect of these force on bearing capacity of the raft and the horizontal displacement through a parametric study of the most important influencing factors (internal friction angle Φ, relative density of sand D, the length to width ratio L/B, effect the spacing to diameter ratio of pile S/D, thickness of the raft, effect the pile position and distributing of pile in different methods).

The results of the numerical study show that the capacity of piled raft increases with increase in the relative density of the sand, and the optimal thickness of the raft was 1m, we found that the front row of pile takes larger shear of the lateral load compared to the successive rows.

the present results are useful because they provide a broader understanding of the response of PRF under vertical and horizontal loading conditions.

Study of Stress Cracking Corrosion resistance of oil Storage tanks

Deema Ali, Fadi Mtawaj, Ahmad Salamah — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In this research, the effect of adding some types of inorganic fillers (aluminum oxide, calcium carbonate) on the mechanical and chemical properties of epoxy coatings used to protect the internal surfaces of oil tanks was studied. To achieve this goal, two types of samples were prepared: steel samples and polymeric samples. Polymeric samples were prepared from epoxy with the addition of different percentages of filler, and the surface hardness of these samples were measured, while the steel samples were painted with epoxy paints different from each other in type and percentage of filler, These samples were subjected to chemical corrosion and tensile experiments, and microscopic images of the samples were taken before and after chemical immersion. The results showed an improvement in the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance properties of the developed coating with an increase in the reinforcement ratio. They also showed that the aluminum oxide-reinforced coating was superior to all coatings by 15%.

Numerical Modeling of the Thermal Performance of Asphalt Solar Collector and Experimental Verification

Fahd alabbas, Haytham Hasan — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In this research, an asphalt solar collector was numerically modeled using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques and the validity of the simulated model was verified experimentally. In this research, circular-section metal pipes were used, wrapped in a U-shape, with a length of 3.42 m and placed inside an asphalt collector with a surface area of 0.52 . This collector was buried in the ground, where heat is transferred to the adjacent soil in order to match the real conditions. The experiment was conducted in Al-Mukharram region belonging to Homs Governorate in the outdoor environment during the hot summer months, specifically on August 20 and 31. Water was passed through the collector pipes at a flow of 0.25 L/min, from 10:30 a.m. to 5 p.m.

The results showed that The maximum thermal efficiency reached 69%, the maximum temperature difference is 12.63⁰C, and the maximum hourly heat energy reached 800 kJ/h. The results also showed that the daily efficiency is not directly affected by the decrease in solar radiation in the last hours of the day, and this is considered an additional advantage for these collectors, which encourages the actual application of this technology within Syrian cities and for various areas of use. .

A Suggested methodology for assessing and rehabilitation of damaged building

Shaza Mousa, Fayez Jrad, Ali Kheirbek — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The damaged building repairability evaluation process is considered a challenging process that requires significant experience from the evaluator. It also often depends on the opinions and judgment of the evaluators and varies according to their experiences in this field. Repairability evaluation of damaged buildings is considered a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) process.

During this study, a set of criteria was presented derived from previous studies, expert opinions, and evaluation companies' reports to unify the evaluation process among evaluators and enable non-expert engineers or freshly graduated engineers to obtain Pleasant and reliable results without the need for expert opinions.

Then, the weights of these criteria were calculated according to the Syrian reality through statistical analysis of the experts’ opinions using the AHP (Analytic hierarchy process) method to give weights to these criteria according to the local situation using Expert Choice program. These criteria have been programmed according to a computer program whose inputs are the building data collected according to the established criteria and whose outputs are the degree of damage to the building and its ability to be repaired. That aims to facilitate use, provide speed and accuracy for the evaluation process, and make the evaluation available to all engineers regardless of their experience so that they obtain the same result when they conduct the assessment.

The suggested methodology and its programming according to the computer program make it easier to survey a larger area of damaged buildings and make a reliable determination of repairability. The validity and accuracy of the program were confirmed by studying four buildings (case studies). One was damaged by the earthquake-which will be mentioned in this article, and Three were Affected by the war. It has been proven through experience that the programs' outputs are consistent with the judgment of the expert engineers.

Study of Water Quality Changes in Balloran Dam lake using Canadian water quality indicator

aziza jendi mnla, Adel Awad, Haitham Jnad — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This research aims to evaluate validity of Balloran Dam Lake for the purposes of drinking by using Water quality indices, to achieve this aim, Physical, Chemical and Bacterial measurements in four locations of the lake (S1, S2, S3, S4) were conducted periodically. The work continued to conduct tests for full hydrological cycle as of December (2021) until November (2022). The parameters measured are the following: Temperature Changes of water, PH- Value, Dissolved Oxygen, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, NO3‾, Total Suspended Solid, Turbidity, PO4‾3 and Fecal Coliform. Many of parameters have exceeded the allowable limits specifically. In accordance with the results that have been obtained, the lake has been classified according to the Canadian Water Quality index (CCME WQI) and was at the grade (D) in the sampling sites and the description was (Bad). By comparing the results of the quality index for the year 2022 with the results of the index for the year 2011, it appears that the decline in the quality of the lake’s water is the result of tourism and agricultural activity near the lake, and thus the lake’s water is not suitable for drinking and needs to be purified.

Effect of oil tankers subdivision on damage stability

Basel Ibrahim, Michel Barbahan — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This research aims to investigate the impact of oil tankers' subdivision on damage stability in potential damage scenarios, utilizing the MAXSURF software. The calibration was performed by comparing the mathematical solution outputs with those obtained from the MAXSURF software. Such a calibration was conducted considering the stability of a damaged box-shaped ship using Rhinoceros. The stability of the oil tanker under damaged conditions is then studied. The ship's hull was designed using Rhinoceros software, and the tank configurations were defined to create two distinct design models.Subsequently, stability analyses were conducted using MAXSURF, considering various assumed damage scenarios. Finally, the results are discussed and the subdivision is evaluated based on the safety levels it achieves when damage occurs. This evaluation was primarily based on hydrostatic calculations and the characteristic values derived from the righting lever curves (GZ).

Improving the aerodynamic performance of small power wind turbine blades using a computer program

mariam ghazal, Salah Dawood — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

A study was presented to improve the aerodynamic performance of small, horizontal-axis wind turbine blades operating at low wind speeds (V=4m/s). A study was conducted based on the design and analysis methods for the aerodynamic aspect of a small, horizontal-axis wind turbine, using the program Qblade, whose software is based on The theory of momentum of the wing element BEM. Through the analysis, the aerodynamic section (SG6043) and its aerodynamic factors (lift coefficient, drag coefficient, optimal and critical angle of attack, and Reynolds number) were chosen so that the geometric shape of the turbine blades was obtained by optimizing both the twist angle and the chord value at various stations. Qatari. As for the aerodynamic analysis method, we conducted the analytical study to obtain the most important results obtained under the influence of the factors represented in the number of blades, peripheral speed, turbine radius and root radius on each of the power, torque, thrust force, and various parameters associated with them.

Studying the Effect of the Geometric Dimensions of the Bulbous Bow on the Resistance of the KCS Container Ship using CFD

Mohamad Al-Deen, Michel Barbahan — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In this research, the flow field around the hull of the KCS container ship model was studied and analyzed through the use of CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) technology. Both the URANS (Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes) method and the k-ω SST turbulence model, available within the Ansys program, were used to solve the Navier-Stokes equations.

The resistance of 9 different models of the KCS container ship with a bulbous bow was calculated with different values for both the length and width of the bulbous bow and fixing all the geometric dimensions of the ship. The quality of the numerical solution was initially confirmed by comparing the CFD results of the resistance with the experimental data. After that, the effect of changing the parameters of the bulbous bow on the total resistance and its components, and wave field was discussed and analyzed. Finally, study and analysis of the effect of the geometric parameters of the bulbous bow on the ship’s resistance was discussed and analyzed.

Improving the performance of bituminous mixtures (cover layer) using fiberglass

Samer Trkhan, Bassam Sultan — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Roads are exposed to many problems and defects, such as alligator cracks, reflection, rutting, and deformations resulting from high traffic loads and weather factors. Therefore, these problems cannot be addressed by improving the performance of bituminous pavements to increase the materials’ resistance to fatigue and improve their durability. Adding fiberglass is one of the important methods used to improve the performance of bituminous pavements. Bituminous paving, determining the volumetric properties of the reference bituminous mixture, and carrying out laboratory experiments according to the Marshall method using bitumen of grade (60-70). The results showed that the ideal bitumen percentage is 4.2% of the total weight of the bituminous mixture, and five percentages of glass fibers were chosen to study their effect on the properties. The modified bitumen mixture and its comparison with the reference mixture, which is respectively( 0.6 - 0.5 - 0.4 - 0.3 - 0.2)% Of the total weight of the bitumen mixture, the results showed that the ideal addition percentage of glass fibers is 0.33% of the total weight of the mixture, at which the bituminous paving shows better performance and higher resistance to stresses, loads, weather factors, and high temperatures, as the addition of fibers contributes to improving the properties of the bitumen mixture. In accordance with the required local technical conditions and specifications.

Developing a Methodology for Analyzing the Risks of Bridge Construction Projects in Syria

Hussien Salim, Fayez Jrad, Rana Maya — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The issue of risk management, which bridge construction projects are exposed to, has been the main concern of many studies around the world, because of the great importance of these projects, in addition to the possible impact that these projects may be exposed to due to risks in terms of cost, time, and quality. Therefore, the research aims to develop a methodology for analyzing the risks of bridge construction projects in Syria. The risks, which these projects are exposed to, are identified, then analyzed by using the method of Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA), which is combined with the fuzzy logic. Consequently, the probability of risks occurring, and their huge impacts on time, cost, and quality are determined, in addition to the possibility of detecting and controlling them. In the final stage, the risks are ranked according to their importance. The research has come out that the most significant risks in bridge construction projects are increased material prices, exchange rate changes, inflation, and unexpected site conditions.

Shear Lag in Slotted Welded Steel CHS Connections

samer sahellie — Sun, 03 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The Shear Lag Phenomenon plays a significant role in the structural behavior of steel element connections, affecting their strength and performance. This study investigates the impact of shear lag on the resistance of welded connections when subjected to severe forces, particularly in the case of slotted steel CHS (Circular Hollow Sections) pipes welded to steel plates (Gusset plates). This study contributes to highlighting the importance of this phenomenon to consider its effect according to the European Code (EC3), which explicitly ignores its impact on various types of connections, especially welded ones.

The research evaluates the influence of various factors such as the overlap length (connection length) and the diameter of the connected steel pipes exposed to central concentrated forces on the evolution of the shear lag phenomenon and its consequences on the proposed connection's resistance and durability. This is achieved through analysis using the Component-based Finite Element Method (CBFEM), adopted from the European Code for the analysis and design of steel connections.

Furthermore, the research aims, through numerical analytical study, to develop a relationship to calculate the value of the shear lag coefficient for inclusion in the equations used to check these connections according to the European Code. Additionally, it provides some explanations regarding the impact of the mentioned factors (connection length and diameter of steel pipes) on the shear lag coefficient to assist in selecting the appropriate geometric dimensions of the mentioned connections to ensure achieving the desired efficiency and performance within the framework of structural safety procedures in steel structures.

Comparing Geometric Parameters of the Cavitation Reactor In Removing Persistent Compounds from Surface Water

Amal Ateah — Sun, 03 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The problem of contamination of drinking water sources with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has become a global issue that must be addressed, due to their toxic carcinogenic effects. This research aims to remove (PAHs) from the water of Sureat Lake in Banias, using an effective hydrodynamic cavitation treatment technique by applying two different types of orifice plates (Plate No. 1 and Plate No. 2) used as a cavitation device in a hydrodynamic cavitation reactor to improve the efficiency of removing (PAHs). The effect of four different parameters such as hydraulic properties (flow rates, hole velocities, and cavitation number at different inlet pressures), comparison of inlet pressure (1-9 bar) and operating time (0 to 30 min) in terms of removal of (PAHs) were studied.

The results obtained confirmed that plate 2, with a configuration of holes with a diameter of 1.5 mm and 17 holes, performed better with 100% complete removal of (PAHs) at a pressure of 5 bar and an operating time of 25 min compared to plate 1, which contains one hole with a diameter of 2 mm, with a removal of 100 % of aromatic compounds at a pressure of 7 bar and a time of 30 min. From this, it was concluded that plate No. 2 was the best economically and environmentally friendly for removing (PAHs) from the water of Sureat Lake, which contributes to securing water suitable for human use.

Study of two-dimensional Flow around the NACA 0009 Airfoil using CFD

Ehab Saleh — Sun, 03 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The use of numerical methods to solve the flow equations helps in analyzing many physical phenomena related to the nature of flow, and their use has become possible after the tremendous development in the computer industry in terms of speed and storage capabilities. Therefore, investing in the numerical modeling loop played a major role from a design and operational perspective.

This research analyzes the two-dimensional flow around an airfoil using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) available in the Ansys-Fluent program, where the URANS method and the turbulence model were used to close the system of equations. The study model is a two-dimensional model of an airfoil, which is a NACA 0009. The two-dimensional flow around the airfoil section with different angles of attack was studied, and both the velocity and pressure fields around the airfoil were analyzed.

Analysis of the one-way road network in the center of Latakia city

Hiba Daghmah — Sun, 03 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The continuous and increasing growth in the number of vehicles within cities necessitates the necessity of developing of road infrastructure to reduce traffic congestion. This is done by choosing a set of procedures to organize existing streets, increase their capacity, and improve safetylevels, including the use of a one-way street system. The one-way street system helps achieve higher speeds and pass larger traffic volumes, in addition to increasing road safety and reducing traffic accidents.

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the one-way street network in the center of Latakia city, and analyze this network by using a set of criteria to study the connectivity of communication of the studied street network.

The results showed that the using one-way streets in the center of Latakia city helped reduce traffic conflict points at intersections and provided a good level of service on the streets despite the high traffic loads. Analysis of all measures of connectivity and communication indicated a weakness in network connectivity and a need for additional links. The results also indicated that the network is weak in terms of dispersion due to the large clustering of nodes within the studied network.

Contribution to Developing a Topographic Guideline to Organize Sustainable Cadastral Division in Rural Areas

Rose Hwaijeh — Sun, 03 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This research aims to propose a topographical guideline for organizing sustainable cadastral division in rural areas according to appropriate international engineering standards, which helps in preparing land parcels division for construction in a way that achieves the establishment of residential complexes that are consistent with the rural character and the topographic factor. In terms of the locations of the lots, their areas, and building proportions.

An analytical study of horizontal cadastral division works in organized rural areas was conducted by considering new factors such as terrain, topographical inclinations of the land, and building sites and proportions. It was found that there are no engineering division requirements for designing the lots and licensing to build on them in a manner consistent with the contour lines to form a suitable urban environment. This exposes property and infrastructure to the risk of landslides and affects natural resources. A proposal was reached to develop a topographical guideline that governs the procedures for organizing cadastral division in accordance with modern topographical technical rules to ensure sustainable development that protects the unique general character of the countryside from the negative effects of cadastral development, and to be the cornerstone for legislative and technical development to regulate land parcels division in rural areas.

Developing Froch2003 Equation to predict SCC. Beams Shear Strength

waad Alkhatib — Sun, 03 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Self-compacting or self-placed concrete is a high-performance concrete that is characterized by the fact that it can be placed through dense reinforcing steel, and give compact concrete and highly flat surfaces under only the influence of its own weight, without the use of other tools. Since this product is young, studies on it are many and varied, especially its behavior in resisting shear stresses due to collapse. Because of this, the concrete is usually fragile and abrupt.

Shear calculation Equations for ordinary concrete in many international codes ignore the size effect factor (a/d) on this resistance, and to date there is no approved equation in these codes to predict the resistance of self-placed concrete to shear stresses, and therefore in this research we have done A statistical study on the development of the Frosch2003 equation [5] to calculate the shear strength of ordinary concrete, which the research [4] recommended could be developed to predict the shear strength of beams of self-compacted concrete, as the equation developed to calculate the shear strength of self-placed concrete gave values consistent with the results of reference studies. Its performance factor correlation coefficient was R = 0.92 and the deviation coefficient COV = 17.5%, and therefore it can be adopted in calculations.

Study and compare the productivity of manual and automatic plate bending machines

Youssef Deeb, tamaam salouwm — Sun, 03 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This research aims to analyze the total productivity (total output)/ (total input) and partial productivity (productivity of raw materials - productivity of capital - productivity of auxiliary services - productivity of machines - productivity of the work component or labor) of the manually operated plate bending machine and the plate bending machine that operates by hand. Powered. And comparing productivity, which is the result of (effectiveness: the degree of achieving goals, and efficiency: production at the lowest cost, least effort, and least waste of economic energies and resources, or (actual output) / (linear output), taking into account the time required to complete one tube, and the total expenses required to manufacture one tube, and the number of operators and workers required during both operations, The quality of the pipe - which is its suitability for use according to the standard specifications according to the concept of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) - and so on. In order to evaluate productivity indicators. It also discusses the limitations of manual use, the importance of the process of bending plates with powered machines, the use of automation and technological innovations in the metal pipe industry and various modern local industries, and improving the quality of products in order to benefit humans and society.

Environmental Impact Assessment of Random Landfills in Syrian Coastal Aria: Case study: Al-Hamedia Landfill/ Tartous

Naji Dayoub — Sun, 03 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Al-Hamedia Disposal Site is located on the Sea Shore, at the west of Al-Hamedia Road. It is surrounded by water channel from North and South; While Agriculture arias are located from the West. It is about 30 kilometers of Tartous.

The Rehabilitation process consist of many stages, which depend on Landfill Age, Waste Type, Aria Topography, Environmental Conditions.

It must be taken to account, during the Rehabilitation process, the beautiful, sensitive site of Landfill.Consdering, what has been mentioned above, decreasing the aria of Landfill, is the major aim. And that will be achieved through designing sanitary sale, with all arrangements, such as, leachate collection and treatment, gas system, final cover. Environmental Impact goes through three stages: construction, operation, and management/ monitoring.

At the end, the aria must be rehabilitated to reuse as a sandy shore for Tourism purposes.

Designing a Fuel Measurement System for Validating Dispensed Quantities in Fuel Stations"

Muhammed Hikmat Muhammed — Sun, 03 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In this study, we designed and developed a comprehensive system for measuring fuel flow rates at filling stations with the aim of improving measurement accuracy and providing a reliable and user-friendly solution. The system consists of a turbine flow meter equipped with a turbine containing permanent magnets, a Hall Effect sensor that converts the turbine’s motion into electrical pulses, an Arduino UNO microcontroller that receives these pulses and calculates the flow rate using a predetermined correction factor, an LCD screen for data display, and a Bluetooth module for real-time data transmission to a mobile app. The design presented an innovative solution that achieved high precision, demonstrated by the experiment showing that the system provides readings with an error margin of up to 1% and a repeatability error of no more than 0.75% at a flow rate of 45 litters per minute. The system effectively displayed results and shared them via Bluetooth, facilitating real-time monitoring of data from a mobile device. The results confirmed that the system delivers reliable measurements and performs effectively in the environment of fuel stations. Recommendations include further development of the device for use with liquids of varying densities, testing under different pressure and temperature conditions for enhanced accuracy, modifying the mechanical design to better match fuel dispensing standards, exploring new measurement techniques, and adding features such as a fuel level sensor for vehicles. This system represents a significant advancement towards developing sophisticated and effective measurement solutions for fuel dispensing applications.

Implementation of 4X4 Vedic Multiplier using GDI Technology

Ola Jawhara — Sun, 03 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In the advanced microelectronics, designers had adopt designs that achieve lower energy consumption, a smaller area, and better performance, and thus the possibility of using them in sensitive applications and systems with high efficiency. Because the multiplier is the main unit in these systems and it is known that the traditional multiplication process requires many stages and takes a long time, in this research a Vedic Multiplier was designed to complete the multiplication process quickly and smoothly. GDI technology was also relied upon to reduce the number of transistors used, the space occupied on the chip, and the energy consumed. Simulation was done through DSCH3.5,and MICROWIND 3.5 for drawing and simulation of the layout using several technology models: CMOS 0.90nm, and CMOS 0.45nm (the techniques that used on most of the previous studies) as well as the new technologies CMOS 0.32nm We also compared the chip area and power consumed for each technology.

Study of the effect of the spherical shell angle on the buckling coefficient values

Ali Alhayek, Akram Sakour — Sun, 03 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Among the most prominent structural structures that can be used in public buildings are shells, as they allow the designer to reach large dimensions, and the spherical shell is one of these structures. Through this research, the effect of changing the shell angle on the buckling coefficient in the spherical shell was studied, as four types of angles were studied for (30,45,60,90) different thicknesses (8,10,12) cm and with the effect of dead and live loads on the surface of the shell and with two types of reliable and detailed support. It was found that the buckling coefficient is inversely proportional to the angle of the shell. For the two cases of support, the thickness of the shell is inversely proportional to The buckling coefficient for the same angle. The largest drop in the buckling coefficient values in the case of reliable support between the two angles is (60,90). The similarity in the buckling shapes for the same angle cannot be generalized, and the shape of the buckling differs depending on the angle.

Comparison of Machine Learning Algorithms' Performance in Network Traffic Classification

faifaa micaiel, Jamal Khalifa , Mohannad Issa — Sun, 03 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Maintaining network availability and improving performance is a primary objective of network management. With the massive growth in network size and traffic load, this task has become increasingly complex. One important area of research is network traffic classification, which offers significant benefits such as reducing traffic congestion and enhancing network management.

This study explores the application of various machine learning algorithms for network traffic classification into large flows and small flows. We implemented and evaluated multiple classifiers on real network traffic “Darknet Dataset”, including Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), k-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Logistic Regression (LR), Decision Tree (DT), Gradient Boosting (GB), and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP). Each classifier was trained and tested on real network traffic data.

Our results indicate that the Random Forest (RF), Decision Tree (DT), Nearest Neighbor (KNN) classifier, Gradient Boosting (GB), and Multilayer Neural Network (MLP) classifiers achieved the highest accuracy, in classification. These results underscore the potential of the models. Machine learning helps in classifying network loads effectively.

Studying the strength of stiffened panels in double bottom of bulk carrier under the influence of vertical pressure and horizontal axial forces using FEA

Ali yousef, Galeb Ahmad, Heitham Issa , Souliman AL Ali — Sun, 03 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This research focuses on the strength analysis of stiffened panels in the double bottom of a bulk carrier ship, using Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The cross-sectional shape of the ISSC-2000 bulk carrier was considered.

Using two types of Stiffeners, T and L, thirty tests for each type were conducted by FEA to predict the response of stiffened panels with including stress, buckling, and deformation, under vertical pressure and horizontal forces.

It was concluded that it is necessary to use L-section strengthening elements in structure section of ships with longitudinal framing. These stiffeners offer more strength and stiffness than T-Section for the structural panels.

Factors Affecting the Improvement of the Performance of the Rankine cycle Heat Exchanger (Used in Summer and Winter Cycle) Based on Groundwater Energy in Damsarkho

Oula Alghada, Jaber Diba, Darin Bourjieh — Sun, 03 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Heating and air conditioning devices are major consumers of electrical energy, so renewable energy technology was used to make these devices operate on a renewable and sustainable energy source, such as a heat pump. In Damsarkho, previous studies reported that its groundwater can be used in a heat pump for heating and air conditioning purposes according to specific hydrogeological, geochemical and geothermal conditions. The research focuses on the heat exchanger performance of a closed-circuit (air-groundwater) heat pump, in which the heat exchanger is placed inside the well. The performance of the exchanger is improved by designing it to suit the specific conditions for exploiting groundwater in Damascus, while studying the factors affecting improving its performance in order to increase the pump efficiency and reduce the manufacturing cost. A set of design calculations were performed, including: (mass flow of air and groundwater, Reynolds number, convective heat transfer coefficients for groundwater and Freon, the percentage increase in the total heat transfer coefficient for the exchanger before and after the fin, the percentage increase in the total heat transfer coefficient with different values for each of the conductivity coefficients) Thermocouple of the fins, the height of the exchanger, the distance between the windings and the helix pitch). After obtaining the results, they were presented in tables and represented in graphs using Excel.

The results show that the factor with the greatest impact on increasing the overall heat transfer coefficient among the factors studied is the fin width with an increase of 3.9%, followed by the inner tube diameter with an increase of 3.8%. The third factor in terms of priority in influence is the number of turns of the ileal tube with an increase 3.6%, while the two factors, the spiral pitch and the tube height, have an equal effect with an increase of 2.9% for each. The last factor is the thermal conductivity coefficient of the fins when they were copper, with an increase of 2.7%.

A Contribution to Studying the Effect of Wind Loads on RC Tall Buildings Using Performance-Based Analysis (Framed Systems)

Ahmad NASSER, Gandhi JAHJAH, Bassam HWAIJA — Sun, 03 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This paper aims to evaluate the inelastic behavior of tall concrete buildings exposed to wind loads, and to compare the performance objectives with the limits of acceptance standards available in international codes, using nonlinear static analysis.

Two models were studied: the first model (A) consists of 14 floors, while the second model (B) consists of 10 floors. The structural systems of the selected models is a group of reinforced concrete frames, designed according to the Syrian Arab Code, to evaluate the nonlinear structural response under the influence of Wind loads.

The modeling was done using ETABS 2018 software where 3D models were created, which takes into account the nonlinear behavior of the concrete and rebar and the geometric nonlinearity through P-Δ effects.

The results showed that some structural elements (columns and beams) had non-linear behavior to different degrees between the two models, with collapse occurring in some of the ground floor columns of the 14-storey model (A) in different load cases studied.

Study and analysis of the flow and cavitation field around the NACA0018 rudder using CFD

Ghaeth Mayhoub, Michel Barbahan, Sayr Sliba — Sun, 03 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This research studied and analyzed the flow and cavitation field around the NACA0018 rudder. Firstly, numerical calculations were performed using CFD on the NACA0018 wing experimentally tested by Gim 2013 [1] with different Angles of Attack (AoA). Comparison between the numerical and experimental results showed the accuracy of the CFD technique in performing such calculations. The URANS equations (Unsteady RANS Averaged Navier Stocks Equation) and the turbulence model were used to solve the Navier-Stokes equations governing complex flows. CFD was then used to calculate and analyze the flow around the rudder of the KVLCC2 ship with different AoA and at different Froude numbers. The results of this study confirmed that with a small AoA of the rudder 10 degrees, the flow around the rudder body remains stable, and no reverse flow is formed behind the rudder, while with a large AoA, the area of reverse flow behind the rudder increases, and after AoA 22.5 degrees, the effectiveness of the rudder begins to decrease. The results confirmed that the cavitation formation around the rudder is related to both the AoA and the critical cavitation number, as a decrease in the value of the critical cavitation number greatly increases the probability of cavitation formation around the rudder.

Design and Implementation of a Single-Phase Smart Meter to measure Bi-directional Power Flow and test its Performance

Danny Ibrahim, ِAli Khadour, Sahar Alali — Sun, 03 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In this research, A single-phase smart electric meter has been designed and implemented to measure the bidirectional flow of electrical power and transmit the measurement data remotely via the Internet to cloud servers connected to the utility company operating the meter. The system also allows remotely connecting and disconnecting the electrical power at the meter's output. The electric meter's overall architecture and its core components, including the sensor and power measurement unit, the central processing unit, and the remote data transmission unit, are described. The text also outlines the calibration mechanism used to ensure precise measurement accuracy.

The electric meter's performance was evaluated by comparing its power parameter measurements to those of a reference device, the Power Analyzer. The results showed that the meter's readings had an error margin of no more than 1% for all measured parameters. Specifically, the error rates for the RMS measurement of current and voltage were 0.184% and 0.1772% respectively, while the error rates for active and reactive power were 0.278% and 0.349% respectively. The error rate for power factor measurement was determined to be 0.909%.