المعاني المتعددة لأنواع الجوهر في فلسفة أرسطو
Abstract
تعد فكرة الجوهر من المفاهيم الأساسية في فلسفة أرسطو وفي تناولنا لهذه المشكلة كون قد بحثنا جانباً مهماً ترتكز عليها معظم فلسفته وبخاصة مشكلة الوجود والمعرفة. وفي بحثنا لهذه المشكلات سوف ينقسم عملنا إلى محورين رئيسيين المحور الأول تناول فيه معاني الجوهر، ماهيته، صفاته، أما المحور الثاني يتعلق بأنواع الجوهر ومعانيه في جوانب فلسفة أرسطو المختلفة، وهي الجانب الميتافيزيقي والطبيعي والمنطقي، في الجانب الميتافيزيقي تركز البحث على معنى الجوهر بوصفه مفهوماً مجرداً ما تم بناؤه لا يوجد في موضوع، أما في الجانب الطبيعي فقد أوضحت أنواع الجوهر في علم الطبيعة وعلاقتها بالجوهر العقلي أما في الجانبي المنطقي تركزت الدراسة على أهمية الجوهر بالنسبة للمقولات بوصفه الأول ضمن إطار الموجودات لا يوجد في موضوع بينما الجواهر الثواني التي هي الأجناس والأنواع هي التي تقال على موضوع وهو الجوهر.
Substance is one of the principal concepts in the philosophy of Aristotle. In dealing with this problem, we will have considered an important part on which is built most of his philosophy, particularly ontology and epistemology. The paper for this purpose is divided into two sections. The first section looks into the meanings of substance, its essence and qualities. The second section deals with the different types of substance and its meanings in different areas of Aristotle's philosophy. Respectively, these include the metaphysical, the natural and the logical areas. In the metaphysical subsection the paper focuses on the meaning of substance as a self-sufficient abstract concept. In the natural subsection, we have outlined the types of substance and their relation to the mental substance. The logical subsection centers on the importance of substance with regard to the statements, since it is the first existent, not to be found in any subject, while secondary substances are restricted to one subject, which is the substance.
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