شعراء الرَّغيف في العصر العباسي
Abstract
شعرُ الرَّغيفِ ظاهرةٌ برزت في العصر العباسي ، بعد أن تطوَّرت وأخذت أبعادُها لتكوِّن إبداعاً شعرياً وفنياً عكسَ صورةَ الحياةِ في ذلك العصر، وقد لجأ إليه الشُّعراء للتعبيرِ عن همومهم ومشكلاتهم الاجتماعية بأسلوبٍ مميزٍ، ومضحكٍ وهو أيضاً شعرٌ لا يُعنى بمعانيه وأخيلته، فالشاعرُ ينظمُ قصيدتَهُ عفوَ الخاطرِ غيرَ متكلفٍ ،وهي أشعارٌ تمسُّ القلوبَ بصدقها، فما من سائلٍ يسألُ إلاَّ لحاجةٍ أدركتْهُ، وغالباً ما تكونُ الحاجةُ ملحَّةٌ إلحاحَ الجوعِ .
وقد تناول شعراء الرَّغيفِ قضايا كثيرة في أشعارهم؛ كالحديثِ عن فقرهم وسوء أحوالهم، وما يعانونه من إهمالٍ وتدني منزلةٍ في المجتمع، كما انتقدوا مجتمعهم وأهله انتقاداً ساخراً، وكشفوا كثيراً من مفاسده وخباياه، وهذا ما جعل من شعر الرَّغيف وثيقةً اجتماعيةً ونفسيةً بالغةَ الأهميَّةِ.
ومما يحمدُ لشعراءِ الرَّغيفِ تجديدهم الواسعَ في بنيَّةِ القصيدةِ، أنهم ألغــوا مقدماتها حيناً،واستبدلوا بها مقدماتٍ تصفُ فقرَهم وسوءَ أحوالهم حيناً آخر، وحاولوا الاستقلال في القصيدةِ حيناً ثالثاً، لكنَّ جميعَ محاولاتهم لم تكن قادرة على التصدي لتقاليد الشعر العربي الراسخة، ولاسيما المقدمات، والتغلب عليها، وإن كانت محاولاتهم جديرة بالاهتمام.
Bread poetry is a phenomenon which appeared in the Abbasid age . It developed and took its dimensions to be a poetic and artistic creation which reflected the image of life in that age. Poets used this fact to express their cares and social problems through a special and comic style . It is also poetry which doesn’t focus on its meanings and imagination . The poet writes his poem spontaneously, without hesitation or pretending . It is poetry which touches hearts for its frankness-no questioning without need-and this need is often urgent up to the extent of starvation.
The bread poets tackled many issues in their poems such as their poverty deterioration suffering from neglect and low social status. They also criticized their society and its citizens very strongly. They uncovered much of its corruption and hidden issues. This made bread poetry a very important social and psychological document .
What distinguishes bread poets is their broad development of structure of the poem . First, they abandoned introductions . Secondly, they replaced them by ones which describe their poverty and despair. On other occasions, they tried to be autonomous in the poem . Though their attempts were not able to face the permanent traditions of Arabic poetry, their attempts found some interest among people.
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