شعرُ المَدِيح النَّبويِّ عَلَى عَهْدِ بني الأحْمَرِ نَشأتُه- شعرَاؤه – أنْوَاعُه (635 ـ897هـ)

Authors

  • عيسى فارس
  • نبيل سلمان

Abstract

مُذ دخول محمَّدٍ بنِ يوسف بن نصر{الملقَّبِ بالأحمرِ} مَدِينة غرناطة ، مع مَغيبِ شمسِ يومٍ من أيَّام رمضان الأخير سنة 635هـ {إبريل 1238م} بعدَ أنْ بعثَ إليه الملأُ من أهلِهَا ، مُرتدياً ثِيَاباً خشنةً وَحلَّةً مُرقَّعةً ، ونُودِي بهِ مَلِكاً ، مُتَّخذاً منهَا عاصمةً لمملكته الوليدةِ ، وَجُلُّ تَفكيرهِ يدورُ حولَ كيفيةِ الاحتفاظِ بالعرشِ والذَّودِ عنه ، فَاعتنقَ سياسةً ، تتمثَّلُ في إظهَارِ الشُّجاعةِ ومُداراة المَغلُوب، وَرَاحَ يجعلُ منها وَاقعاً مَلموساً ، فضلاً عن معرفِتهِ بالدَّورِ المُهمِّ الَّذي يلعبُهُ الفِكرُ في الحِفَاظِ على المَملكةِ ، فتيةً قويَّةً.

فَشهدَتْ مَملكةُ غرنَاطة نشَاطاً ملحوظاً في مَجَالي الشِّعرِ وَالكتابةِ ، سَاعدَ على نموهِمَا وَنضجهمَا سَلاطينُ البيتِ النَّصريّ ، فَقَد اشتَهرَ عميدُهُم وَمؤسسُ دولتِهم بحمايةِ العلمِ وَالأدبِ ، وكانتْ لهُ أيَّامٌ خاصَّةٌ يستقبلُ فيها الشُّعراءَ ، فينشدونَهُ قصَائدِهم ، فَيَنالُ ، كلٌّ حسبَ قولهِ.

وإنَّ قراءةً دقيقةً لموضوعاتِ القصيدةِ الأنْدَلُسيَّة عَلَى عهد بني الأحمرِ تُظهرُ أنَّ الدِّينَ يمثِّلُ قضيَّةً محوريَّةً كُبرى، مِن قضَايا الشَّاعر ِالغرنَاطيِّ، فَهُوَ يَتنَاولُه منْ خلالِ المَدَائح النَّبويَّةِ ، وَالتَّصَوُّفِ ، وَالزُّهدِ ، وَالتَّوسُّل، وَالمَوْلِدِيَّات ، وكلُّهَا موضوعاتٌ دينيَّةٌ بصورةٍ كليَّةٍ ، أو غالبة .

فَالدِّينُ عَلَى عَهدِ مملكةِ غرناطة ، وَقبله وَبعده ، يدخلُ في قَصَائدِ أخرى أيضاً ، بصورةٍ جزئيَّةٍ ، كَمَا في موضوعاتِ الجهادِ ِ، وَالاستغاثةِ ، وَالحنينِ إلى الأوْطَانِ ، وَوصفِ الطَّبيعة ، وَالرِّثاءِ ، وَالمدحِ . أمَّا المَدِيح النَّبويُّ فمثِّلَ ظاهرةً شعريَّةً مهمَّةً ، في مَرحلةٍ مهمَّةٍ ، من مَرَاحِلِ بدَايةِ النِّهاية للدَّولةِ الإسلاميَّةِ في الأنْدَلُسِ.

Mohammad Bin Yusuf (entitled  Al-Ahmar) had entered Granada city, in the sunset  of the last day of Ramadan, on 635Exodus ( April 1238  A. C. ) and after the most of its populationcame to him to declare him a king ( in spite of  his tough and patchy clothes ), he considered it, as a capital of his new  kingdom . So, since that time, his most preoccupations were about how to maintain and protect the throne.

However, he adopted a policy represented by exposing his bravery, taking care and consoling the unjustly-treated people, as it became a reality. He also knew the important role played by thoughtto maintain the kingdom powerful and young.                                                                                         Granada Kingdom showed a remarkable activity in both fields of poetry and prose.Their development and growth were helped byBeit Al-Nasri Sultans which is very well known that their chief, who established their state, protected science and literature, and also, assigned special days for receiving poets, who read their poems, and were rewarded by him forthem.

A precise reading of Andalusian poems’ objectives fromBani Al-Ahmar epoch will show that the religion represents a crucial subject from Granadianpoets’ objectives. As we consider it through Prophetical Commendatory, mystical,ascetical, asking, and birth celebration, all of which are completely or mostly religious subjects.

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Published

2018-12-16

How to Cite

فارس ع., & سلمان ن. (2018). شعرُ المَدِيح النَّبويِّ عَلَى عَهْدِ بني الأحْمَرِ نَشأتُه- شعرَاؤه – أنْوَاعُه (635 ـ897هـ). Tishreen University Journal- Arts and Humanities Sciences Series, 32(2). Retrieved from https://journal.tishreen.edu.sy/index.php/humlitr/article/view/5461

Issue

Vol. 32 No. 2 (2010): الآداب والعلوم الانسانية

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