أَسْبَابُ تَحَوُّلِ النَّحْوِيِّيْنَ عَنِ الأَصْلِ، وَأَثَرُهُ فِي تَعَدُّدِ المَعَانِي
Abstract
يَهْدُفُ هذا البحثُ إِلى إِظهارِ أَهمِّ أسباب الخروج عن الأصول الَّتِي سنّها النَّحْوِيُّونَ للقواعد النَّحْوِيَّة، وقد رأيتُها -بعد إنعامِي النّظرَ في كتبِ النَّحْوِ "قديمِها وحديثِها"- تعود إلى ما يتعلّق بالأصوات وطبيعتها المكوّنة لبنية الكلمة من نواحٍ، وإلى ما لا يتعلّق بطبيعة تِلْكَ الأصوات من نواحٍ أخرى.
وَلَعَلَّ المُتَأَمِّلَ في الدَّرْسِ النَّحْوِيِّ العَرَبِيِّ القَدِيْمِ يَلْحَظُ أَنَّ النَّحْوِيِّينَ عندما بَحَثُوا أَسْبَابَ التَّحَوُّلِ عَنِ الأَصْلِ، الَّذِي يؤدّي إلى الخروج عن القاعدة فيُحدثُ اختلافاً وتعدّداً في أَوْجُه التَّحلِيل النَّحْوِيّ لبعض الصّيغ، ذكروا تِلْكَ الأسباب فِي أَثْنَاءِ الحديث عن مظاهر التّحوّل وصوره، دونَ أَنْ يفردوا كلَّ موضوعٍ مِنْهَا بحديثٍ مستقلٍّ.
مُبَيِّناً في ذلكَ كلِّهِ مكانَةَ النَّحْوِ وأثرَهُ -على اختلافِ أوجهِ تأويلاتِ النَّحْوِيِّيْنَ- في توجيهِ المعاني، وتعدِّدِ الأهدافِ، وتنوّعِ المقاصدِ، واختلافِ الدّلالاتِ.
This research aims at display the most important reasons for deviating from the syntactic principles formulated by syntacticians. Having looked into syntax textbooks, old and new, I find out that these rules are related to sounds and their nature which constitutes word formation, on the one hand, and to what is not related to the nature of these sounds, on the other. A contemplator of ancient Arabic linguistic practice may observe that linguists looking for the reasons of deviating from the norm, which leads to rule deviation have mentioned these reasons when discussing aspects of this transformation and its manifestations. The basic point of this study is to show the effect of deviating from the norm of linguistic rules on the direction of meaning, the multiplicity of goals and intensions, and semantic disparity.
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