أنماط الخمر في أشعار الأعشى دراسة نصّيّة تحليليّة
Abstract
ينشد هذا البحث أنماط الخمر عند الأعشى، بوصفه أبرز الشعراء الجاهليين الذين تحدّثوا عن الخمر في الشعر الجاهلي، محاولاً أنْ يبيّنَ سرَّ تفوقِ الأعشى على باقي الشعراء في أحاديث الخمر عن طريق محاورة النصوص، وكشف أسرارها.
ولقد رأى البحث أنّ صور الخمر عند الأعشى، ترد في أنماط ثلاثة؛ إمّا في نمط "الخمر القُربان"، وإمّا في نمط "الخمر المسعى" ، وإمّا في نمط " الخمر اللذة". وفي سبيل ذلك، يتتبّع البحث دِلالات الخمر، عبر النصوص الخمريّة لدى الأعشى، لكي يستطيعَ أنْ يكوّنَ هذه الأنماط التي تناسب المعاني الذهنيّة التي تمنحه إيّاه الخمر، عبر تشكيلاتها اللغويّة، و صورها، و ألوانها.
والدراسةُ نصّيّة تحليليّة، تجعل من النصّ نقطة الانطلاق، ولا تقيّد نفسها بمنهج محدّد، وإنما تستنير بما تقدّمه لها مناهجُ الدّرس الأدبيّ. و نشير إلى أنّنا أدرجنا هذه الدراسة التحليليّة ضمنَ خطَّين متقابلَين؛ الأوّل منهما تعاقبي، يتّصل ببنية النصّ، وموقع الصور منه. و الخطُّ الآخرُ منه تزامني، يحاول ربط النصّ بمحيطه الثقافي، و بالتقاليد الشعريّة.
In an attempt to disclose the secret of al-A'sha's supremeacy over other poets who handle wine through penetrating texts and unleashing their secrets, this piece of research highlights the wine in al-A'shas'—as one distinguishable al-Jahili poet who described wine in their poetry.
This research realizes that the images of wine in al-A'sha's poems recur in three forms:"sacrifice wine", Journey wine", or "lust wine". Within this context, this research traces the implications of wine taking place in al-A'sha's wine-texts, in an attempt to figure out such types that suit the intellectual meanings based on wine, via their linguistic formulae, their images and colours.
This study is textual and analystical in nature. It considers the text the starting point, at the time that it does not restrict itself to a specific methodology. Rather, it benefits from what the disciplines of literary study propose. It also hints out that the two researchers have classified this analytical study within two parallel extremes: the first is the text-closely adhering one, which relates to the structure of the text and the position of images within; the second is the synchronic one which endeavours to affiliate the text to its cultural milieu and the poetic trends.
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