عثمان ر. “Foreign Political Relations of the Western State of Tripoli During the Reign of Youssef Pasha Al-Qarmani Between the Years 1795 - 1832 AD”. Tishreen University Journal- Arts and Humanities Sciences Series, vol. 45, no. 6, Jan. 2024, pp. 121-38, https://journal.tishreen.edu.sy/index.php/humlitr/article/view/16429.