Tishreen University Journal- Arts and Humanities Sciences Series

Minister Abu Jaafar bin Atiya and his role in the Almohad state 517-553 AH /1123-1158 AD

zainab wardeh — 2024-06-03

The research includes talk about one of the most famous ministers in the Almohad state, and he contributed to the administration of the Almohad state, and he is the minister Abu Jaafar bin Attia, who assumed the position of scribe and then minister, and also led the military armies in Andalusia, from the beginning of the rule of the era of Abd al-Mu’min bin Ali until the end of His era, and Minister Abu Jaafar is considered the most prominent and famous man of the era of Abd al-Mu’min, despite being a Minister of Execution who did not have wide influence due to the power of Caliph Abd al-Mu’min and his dominance over the government, as he excelled in politics and leading armies in battles. He also excelled in writing and literature, so it was known that he was A writer and poet. Many researchers have linked the snitching of some senior statesmen to the killing of Vizier Abu Jaafar, as Vizier Abu Jaafar bin Attia was the victim of the jealousy of the highest people over the rapprochement between the Caliph and the Vizier, which later led to the Vizier being accused of being loyal to the Almoravids, and thus the Caliph’s distance from him. And he was killed as a result.

Ibn Khaldun's theory of the establishment of the state, and its application to the Idrisid state

ramia jamea — 2024-06-03

The state, according to Ibn Khaldun, is similar to a human being who is born, grows, then perishes and grows old, and annihilation is the inevitable end of every state. Every state reaches the peak of its civilization and then grows old and deteriorates until a new state comes that takes some of what the previous state left behind, restricts it and creates a different civilization, as the Idrisid state was established on a religious basis and pretension. Its founder, Idris bin Abdullah, said that his lineage goes back to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and he was able with this claim to own the lands of the Far Maghreb. He was also able, through his policy, to unite and attract the Berber tribes, so that their giving to him was without limits and came from faith, appreciation and respect, and their loyalty reached the grandson of the Messenger of God. May the peace and blessings of God be upon him, they waited for his pregnant wife until she gave birth to their child, who was Idris II. However, the Idrisid state, like any state according to Ibn Khaldun’s theory, passes through nomadism, then civilization, then perishes and collapses. Indeed, the Idrisid united the ranks of the Berbers and moved them from nomadism and the tribal stage and founded cities for them like the city of Fez. They also established an army to protect this state, but this situation did not last long, as Imam Muhammad bin Idris II and Imam Yahya divided the state among their relatives, and that was one of the first signs of weakness. Then they created loyalists and followers from among the non-Berbers, and the compliance of some The Idrisid princes’ whims and changing their loyalty from time to time were among the factors that played a major role in the collapse of their state and its fall at the hands of the Umayyads of Andalusia.

Speech Acts of Apology and Regret Expressions Used by English Language Students at Al al-Bayt University

Kifah Alqadi — 2024-06-03

This study aimed to identify the use of apology and regret speech acts among bachelor students majoring in English language and literature at Al al-Bayt University, It examines the functions of apology and regret speech acts based on Searle's (1979), and Cohen & Olshtain (1983) taxonomy regarding the apology strategies, It also the study aims to contribute valuable insights and information regarding the use of apology and regret speech acts, considering the variables gender and place of residence. It employs mixed methods, collecting data from 60 students through 20 Discourse Completion Tasks (DCTs) focused on academic issues. The findings reveal variations in the use of speech act functions and strategies between male and female students, as well as differences based on the place of residence, and the results suggest that gender socialization and cultural expectations influence the speech act preferences of students. Both genders prioritize different functions and strategies, reflecting societal norms and communication styles . Additionally, variations in the use of speech acts are observed between village and city residents, influenced by the rural and urban environments.

The Effectiveness of a Training Program in Developing the Competencies of Special Education Teachers in Providing a Cognitively and Socially safe Learning Environment for Kindergarten Children With an Autism Spectrum Disorder in Jordan.

Ahmad Khazaleh — 2024-06-03

The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of a training program in developing competencies related to a safe educational environment among members of the training group in the pre- and post-measurements. And determining priorities for improving the educational environment in kindergarten for children with integrated autism spectrum disorder in Jordan. The study sample consisted of (44) female special education teachers, to whom a questionnaire was applied to the competencies of the safe educational environment for special education teachers and the training program. The results of the current study showed that there were statistically significant differences at (α ≤ 0.05) attributed to the training program directed to special education teachers, in providing a safe educational environment in (the cognitive field, the emotional field, the social field, and the field of health and safety), and in favor of individuals in the training group. Those who were exposed to the program compared to the control group, which did not undergo training, noted that the effect size for the areas as a whole was high and ranged between 0.183 and 0.342. This means that the training program was effective in improving the level of educational competencies in all fields among the members of the experimental sample. The study concluded with several recommendations, most notably amending policies and practices related to inclusive programs in public schools for kindergarten children with autism spectrum disorder.

Teachers' violation of laws and regulations, their causes and the impact of war and crises on them "A field study applied to a sample of teachers and administrators in the schools of the first cycle of basic education in the city of Latakia"

Thanaa ghanem — 2024-06-03

The research aims to identify the impact of war and crises on the prevalence of some teachers' violations of regulations and laws and their causes according to the estimate of administrators and teachers in schools of the first cycle of basic education. To achieve the objectives of the research used the descriptive approach and applied the questionnaire as a tool to collect data from a sample of (120) teachers and administrators. The results showed that the prevalence of teacher violations has increased because of war and crises. The reasons for these violations of the laws had also changed. Before the war, it was due to "the existence of a special family status (the presence of children, the illness of a family member)" or to "achieve personal interest" but currently the reasons are concentrated on "the difficult material and humanitarian conditions of teachers", "sympathy for humanitarian cases" and "poor motivation to work". However, the reasons for both the violations of "allowing cheating exams" and "ignoring the absence of some learners" have not changed and have maintained the same order before the war and now.

A Critical Reading of The Theories of Underdevelopment and its Current Interpretation (For A Dialectical Concept of Underdevelopment in the Capitalist Age)

Faisal Saad — 2024-06-03

Some go as far as to equating or confusing the Underdevelopment in the capitalist age with the Underdevelopment in the ages before it. Which necessarily leads to blurring the reality of contemporary backwardness as a parallel aspect of progress elsewhere within a global capitalist system that arose for the first time in human history against the background and strength of the structural logic of capitalism as a logic of expansion that is not limited by specific national or regional bounders.

Underdevelopment within this system and against this background and with this force is a general sociological system that includes all the structures of a backward society. It has always been a structural backwardness of production relations mainly. He expresses himself with complete backwardness and all the political and superstructural infrastructures including the socio-cultural and always by virtue of dialectical necessisty.

This is my scientific hypothesis about the reality of Underdevelopment in the capitalist era and its uniqueness in this era compared to cases of Underdevelopment in previous eras. With this hypothesis I will strive (in a way of critical of the another and critical self-awareness) in order to crystallize a structural dialectical concept of Underdevelopment that discovers the flaws and shortcomings of its popular concepts in our countries and around the world.

Seleucia Pieria in the Classical Period "A study of the information contained in historical texts and archaeological inscriptions"

eva alkhateeb — 2024-06-03

Seleucus I, also known as Seleucus Nikator, after eliminating his opponents and establishing a vast empire, founded many cities, following the policy of his leader, Alexander the Great. When he built the cities, he chose important strategic locations controlling the trade routes crossing Syria and Mesopotamia. Among the many cities he founded, the Tetrapolis (sister cities) that he built in northern Syria are famous: Antioch - Apamea - Laodicea - Seleucia Pieria, which is the subject of this research.

This research deals with the geographical location of Seleucia-Pieria and its economic, military and religious importance. It will also talk about the legendary founding of the city and describe it as it was reported by historians of the classical period, and also as it was reported by European travelers who visited it, in addition to describing its port and facilities. The research will examine the city’s political and historical conditions in the Hellenistic, Roman, and Byzantine periods, as well as its religious and economic conditions.

This research will attempt to help researchers and specialists study the conditions of Syrian cities in that mysterious and important period of Syrian history in the classical period, which information about is brief and very few in Arabic references.

Social Darwinism penetrates the sanctity of reviving the Arabic language in the Poetry of Al Husain Ibn Mutair Al Asadi

lujain bitar — 2024-06-03

The research aims to unveil the penetration of Social Darwinism into the poetry of Al Husain Ibn Mutair Al Asadi, who witnessed Bani Umayyad civilisation and familiarised with the approach of Bani Alabbas. Social Darwinism with its materialistic practices, unjustified etiquette and random elections permitted the thought of the poet to penetrate the sanctity of the Arabic language revival. Therefore, it called for adoption of the concept of God abandonment to validate its desire to the birth of a supernatural biological human that can control the universe and differentiate between good and evil. Darwinism energies the racism memory and permits all unjustified oppression which assures the existence of a powerful. It is obvious that the social Darwinism is social disorder that Arab human had undergone through different centuries and had been expressed consciously and unconsciously by the poets. This is what provoked Al Husain to inherit the new generations the structural thoughts that urge to the adoption of betrayal in the collective imaginary and enhance the abundance of social solidarity that secure language progression and stability. It also led Al Husain to kill the concept of mercy and incited him to eliminate it form his poetry as well as from the Arabic language. However, it aimed to uproot human from all virtues and values by following Chaos theory based on deterministic law and hidden pattern. Apparently, Al Husain comprehended the Chaos theory approach as a fundamental mean to humanity progress and to beneficial flow of the Arabic language which was embodied in his poetry.

Mathematical Communication Skills Included In The Content Of The Mathematics Textbook For The Third Grade Basic In The Syrian Arab Republic (An Analytical Study)

hiba morsel — 2024-06-03

The Current Research Aims To Determine The Availability Of Mathematical Communication Skills Within The Content Of The Mathematics Textbook Prescribed For The Third Grade In The Syrian Arab Republic. To Achieve The Objectives Of The Research, The Descriptive Approach Was Followed, And A List Of Mathematical Communication Skills (Main And Subsidiary) Was Prepared, Then A Content Analysis Form Was Designed, For The Purpose Of Analyzing Mathematics Book And Learn About The Mathematical Communication Skills Included In The Textbook And The Availability Rates Of Each Skill, The Results Of The Analysis Showed The Availability Of All Mathematical Communication Skills In Varying Percentages, As The Mathematical Written Expression Skill Came In First Place With A Percentage Of (45.19%), Followed By The Mathematical Reading Skill With A Percentage Of (26.51%), Then The Mathematical Representation Skill With A Percentage Of (16, 37%), While The Mathematical Oral Expression Skill Came At (8.36%), And The Mathematical Listening Skill Came At (3.55%), Based On The Previous Results, A Number Of Recommendations Were Presented, Most Notably Reconsidering The Content Of The Mathematics Textbook For The Third Grade, In Terms Of Including All Mathematical Communication Skills And Distributing Them Equally, With A Focus On The Skills That Achieved Low Percentages Within The Results Of The Analysis.

The extent of the availability of scientific skills among a sample of kindergarten children in the city of Latakia

Wafaa Abu Saif — 2024-06-03

The research aimed to identify the extent of the availability of scientific skills among a sample of kindergarten children in the city of Latakia. To achieve the research goal, the researcher used (a measure of scientific skills for kindergarten children) prepared by the researcher 1- The skill of focusing and gathering information, which includes the skills of (observation, identifying the problem) 2- The skill of remembering, which includes the skill of (coding) 3- The skill of organizing, which includes the skills of (comparing, classifying, arranging, and measuring) 4- The skill of analysis and synthesis, which includes the skills of (analysis, synthesis) 5- Evaluation skill, which includes the skill of (conclusion). The research sample included (40) male and female kindergarten children in the city of Latakia. Descriptive method

To judge the validity of the tools, they were presented to a group of (10) specialized arbitrators at the Faculty of Education at Tishreen University to ensure the soundness of the linguistic formulation of the paragraphs, their clarity, and their suitability to the goal for which they were developed. Their stability was confirmed by applying them to an exploratory sample that included (15) male and female children. Search for the following results:

- The degree of possession of scientific skills by members of the research sample was moderate in general.- There are no statistically significant difference between the average scores of the research sample members on the comprehensive and sub-test of scientific skills based on the gender variable.- There are a statistically significant difference between the average scores of the research sample members on the scientific skills test depicted in the total score of the test, and each of its sub-skills, in favor of children whose mothers do not work.

The Role of School Administration in Promoting Environmental Culture among Students in the First Cycle of Basic Education from the point of view of Teachers - a Field Study in Lattakia City

Mirna Asaad — 2024-06-03

The research aimed to identify the role of school administration in promoting environmental culture among students in the first cycle of basic education from the point of view of teachers in Lattakia city, and to identify the differences in the points of view of teachers regarding the following research variables (scientific and educational qualification, years of experience). To address the research problem, a questionnaire was used that contained (30) statements, and included the following areas (cognitive, behavioral, and emotional). It was applied to the research sample of (313) teachers, and the descriptive approach was used, after ensuring its validity and reliability. The research concluded that the role of school administration in promoting environmental culture among students in the first cycle of basic education from the point of view of teachers in Lattakia city was to a moderate degree. The results also showed that there were no statistically significant differences between teachers’ estimates of the role of school administration in promoting environmental culture among students, according to the variables (scientific and educational qualification, and years of experience).

In light of the results obtained, many recommendations were made, the most important of which were raising the level of environmental culture for students, involving them in classroom and extracurricular environmental activities, and holding training courses for administrative and teaching staff on environmental awareness and education

The impact of the media on the values and behaviors of university youth

noura albaee — 2024-06-03

The aim of the current research is to identify the impact of the media on the values and behaviors of university youth at Tartous University.

The research followed the descriptive analytical method, and the field research was applied to a sample consisting of 200 male and female students from various university branches at Tartous University after a special questionnaire was prepared for this research (by the researcher), and its validity and reliability were confirmed by presenting it. A number of arbitrators and conducted a psychometric study.

The research concluded that there is a non-significant correlation between the impact of the media on the values and behaviors of university youth at Tartous University. The results of the research found that male youth are more receptive to the media than female youth and are more influenced by values and behaviors. The research did not find any differences. On young people’s reception of media or its impact on their values and behaviors according to university specialization.

The role of the kindergarten teacher in the development of the child's eco-aesthetic sense Field study in Lattakia City

amal yaseen — 2024-06-03

The objective of the present research is to know the role of the kindergarten teacher in the development of the child's environmental aesthetic in Lattakia city, and to define the difference between them according to the scientific qualification variable (university and higher bachelor's degree, less than university bachelor's degree). The researcher followed the descriptive curriculum to fit the research's objectives. The researcher prepared a three-dimensional questionnaire for environmental aesthetic sense related to (constructive environment, natural environment, hygiene and arrangement). The questionnaire was applied to a sample of kindergarten teachers (95) selected as a simple random method. The results confirmed that the degree of exercise of the kindergarten teacher's role in the development of the environmental aesthetic sense of the child was moderate and that there were significant differences in favors of teachers holding a university degree and more.

Family Communication Problems in the Light of Verbal Violence

Afraa AL shieKh — 2024-06-03

This research deals with the concept of violence and its forms and trends , and recognises its nature and its anthropological origin, and how the symbolic family violence affects social institutions. That is for the verbal violence differs in its meaning according to the family structure of the abused individuals, because what a family considers a verbal and symbolic violence may not be considered violent words by another . And that’s due to the different upbringing methods for the members of those families, which in turn reflects diversity in the degree of adaptation or rejection of the the symbolic and verbal violence practiced on them by those with violent upbringing methods . So, the verbal and symbolic and family violence is considered a very dangerous topic , especially when it is related to the violence practiced indoors , whivlch is a closed and hidden environment.

Hegel's philosophy of religion

nour mashi — 2024-06-03

This research aims to introduce the important position occupied by the philosophy of religion within the Hegelian system, given that religion, according to Hegel, is the manifestation of the absolute idea, the absolute spirit; That is, God appears in history in an inevitable way, and that spirit must be positioned and take its place, but that movement does not come all at once, but rather in stages, and is presented according to a rational and logical sequence until we reach the realization of the absolute spirit in a final and complete manner. Hegel divided the stages of the development of religion It is divided into three sections: the religion of nature, in which thought appeared concretely in reality, and the religion of spirituality, which represented the rise of reality and its rise to thought, leading to absolute religion, in which thought is united with reality, which is considered the pinnacle that the human mind reaches and represents the return of the comprehensive idea to itself, which was embodied. In the Christian religion, which brought together the divine nature and the human nature, which was embodied in the person of Christ.

The concept of religion according to Hegel refers to the spirit's awareness of itself, meaning it is the idea. Its subject is God, who only appears in thought because God is the idea for Hegel, and it is not possible to reach his knowledge without using pure reason to achieve absolute knowledge. He worked to transform the content of religion into thought. , and then turn it into reality; According to Hegel, God turned into what is called the Absolute, Christ into incarnation, and the Trinity into controversy. Religion turned into ideas and controversy.

According to Hegel, man realizes himself in religion. The soul realizes itself, gets rid of everything that exhausts its powers, achieves complete satisfaction and eternal salvation from everything attached to it of finitude, and realizes the infinite, the unlimited, which is the highest thing a person can reach, and this awareness of the infinite, the unlimited, that is, God, is the true religion according to the Hegelian vision.

The ultimate goal of Hegelian theology, which reached the peak of its development, was manifested in the humanization of God. That is, in the sense of likening God to man, which was embodied in the idea of Christ. Then the mind comes to show that this idea is a product of the soul, and the soul, according to Hegel, is the human soul. Through this, it becomes clear that man knows himself in the person of Christ and maintains himself within thought as an entity that exists for the sake of same.

Le rôle de la conceptualisation métaphorique dans la traduction des expressions linguistiques des émotions Le français et l'arabe syrien comme un exemple

taghrid sakkour — 2024-06-03

Cet article traite quelques expressions linguistiques qui impliquent des concepts métaphoriques différents dont la traduction pose un problème. Il met en lumière l'importance de dégager les concepts qui reflètent l'ensemble des expressions linguistiques illustrant le même concept. Une fois le concept est connu, il facilite donc la traduction des expressions linguistiques sous-jacentes entre les deux langues.

Au moyen d'une analyse contrastive de quelques expressions linguistiques reprises du français et de l'arabe littéraire et dialectal syrien, nous essayerons de montrer que l'accès à la structure conceptuelle dans une culture donnée est important pour traduire les expressions métaphoriques sous-jacentes.

Nous adopterons l'approche de la métaphore conceptuelle dans notre analyse des expressions linguistiques relatives aux émotions et nous essayerons de traiter ce sujet en nous appuyant sur un corpus extrait des deux langues (le français et l'arabe littéraire et dialectal syrien).

An analytical study of the change in the area of agricultural land in the Sheikh Saad district of Tartous Governorate (2013-2023)

taleb ibrahim — 2024-06-03

The study aims to analyze the decrease in the area of agricultural land in the administrative units in the Sheikh Saad site and its surroundings spatially during the period (2013-2023), where a group of administrative units close to and relatively far from the city center, close to the public road and far from it, was chosen. The decrease was also linked to the area of agricultural land due to urban expansion and the increase in population to determine the factors that contributed most to the decrease in the area of agricultural land in the study area. The study relied on the use of the most important modern and accurate indicators to determine the rate of decrease in the area of agricultural land, and one of these indicators is the index (NDVI).In addition, the index (NDBI) was used to define urban lands based on two Landsat8 satellite images taken in the dates 2013 and 2023. The study reached a set of results, the most important of which is: The area of agricultural land at the level of the study area decreased from 3855.8 ha in 2013. to 3727.4 ha in 2023. The study showed a strong inverse relationship between urban growth and the area of agricultural land, and a moderate inverse relationship between population growth and the area of agricultural land. The study recommended the necessity of preserving agricultural lands and preventing horizontal urban sprawl towards them. It identified areas eligible for rapid urban growth and emphasized the necessity of monitoring them and preserving agricultural lands there.

Psychological Stress among Mothers of General Secondary Education Students in Light of some Variables - A Field Study in Lattakia City

Fatema Ahmad Shigri — 2024-06-03

The research aimed to identify the level of psychological stress among the mothers of general secondary education students in Lattakia city, as well as to reveal differences in the level of psychological stress among them according to the following variables
(the mother’s work, the student’s gender, the academic grade, and the student’s branch).

The research sample included (286) mothers of general secondary education students. To achieve the purpose of the research, the descriptive analytical method was used, and a measure of psychological stress among mothers was applied, which consisted of (36) items, including the following dimensions (family, economic and emotional stress).

The results of the research showed that the level of psychological stress among mothers of general secondary education students in Lattakia city was high, and the two dimensions (family and economic stress) were at a high level, while the emotional stress dimension was at a middle level. The results also showed that there was a difference in the level of psychological stress. Among mothers, according to the mother’s work variable, in favor of the working mother, and according to the student’s gender variable, in favor of males, as well as according to the academic grade variable, in favor of third-year secondary school students also according to the student branch variable, in favor of scientific branch students. Based on these results, several recommendations were made, the most important of which are: building counseling programs to reduce the level of psychological stress on students’ mothers, and conducting studies on methods of coping with their psychological stress.

The reality of media education in schools of the second cycle of basic education from the point of view of teachers in the city of Latakia

Taher Tawashi — 2024-06-03

The study aimed to identify the reality of media education in schools of the second cycle of basic education in the city of Latakia. The study used the descriptive analytical method, where the study sample consisted of (112) male and female teachers in the second cycle of basic education who were selected using a simple random sampling method. The study relied on a questionnaire about the reality of media education prepared by the researcher, which consisted of (37) items distributed over four main dimensions. After verifying the psychometric properties of the tool in terms of validity and reliability, the results of the study showed: The degree of awareness of teachers in the second cycle schools of the basic education stage of the importance of media education was high. It also showed that the degree of teachers’ application of media education activities and the degree of their practice of media education skills was low, while with regard to the obstacles to implementing media education in the schools of the second cycle, it was a high degree.

In the end, the researcher recommends, in light of the results of the study, the need to encourage educational departments responsible for developing school curricula to introduce media education into the educational curricula, by integrating the concepts and skills of media education into some academic subjects as classroom or extracurricular activities, based on many experiences in some Arab countries. And global.

Institutional governance and its relationship to the transparency of educational decisions among school principals of the Directorate of Education, Ramtha District

bara'at almuqbil — 2024-06-03

The degree of opplication of institutional governance and its relationship to the Ttransparency of School Managers' Decisions among school principals of the Directorate of Education of the Ramtha Brigade. To achieve the objective of the study, the descriptive correlational survey was used, and a simple random sample was selected consisting of (325) teachers a questionnaire consisted of two axes, the first to measure the degree of institutional governance and included three areas: (transparency, participation, accountability), and the number of its paragraphs reached (16) paragraphs, The second axis is measuring the degree of transparency of educational decisions and included four areas (decisions, laws and legislation, administrative communication, administrative accountability) and the number of paragraphs reached (26) paragraphs, after verifying their validity and stability. The study found that the degree to which Ramtha District school principals practice institutional governance from the teachers' point of view is high in all areas.

The results of the study found that there were no statistically significant differences due to the gender variable in the degree of practice of the principals of Ramtha Brigade schools for institutional governance from the teachers' point of view, and the results showed that there were no differences due to years of experience for all fields, and the results showed that there were statistically significant differences due to the impact of the variables of scientific qualification and were in favor of the academic qualification bachelor's degree and less. The results of the study showed that the level of transparency of educational decisions among school principals of the Directorate of Education in Ramtha District from the point of view of teachers was high in all fields, and the results of the study indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in the level of transparency of educational decisions due to the impact of the gender variable in all fields and the total degree, and the results of the study showed that there were differences due to the impact of the scientific qualification in all fields and the total degree and were in favor of the scientific qualification (bachelor's degree and less), While the results of the study showed that there were no statistically significant differences due to the variable of years of experience. The results of the study found a positive correlation between the areas of institutional governance and the areas of transparency of educational decisions, and in light of the results of the study, the study recommends a set of recommendations, the most important of which are: Circulating the results of this study to a number of directorates of the Ministry of Education in other governorates.

The will to knowledge in the story of Hayy bin Yaqzan according to Ibn Sina and Ibn Tufayl.

waseem sbeih — 2024-06-03

This research is concerned with analyzing the philosophical problems raised by the story of “Hayy ibn Yaqzan,” which was written by the philosopher Ibn Sina and reproduced by the philosopher Ibn Tufayl. It is also concerned with clarifying the tools of the perceiving self, perceives its existence and its surroundings in the cognitive journey that the two stories describe in a linguistic style that adopts strangeness, symbolism, and representing the truth without declaring it. The research seeks to monitor the will to knowledge, the existential experience, and the meditative and interpretive path of the human being searching for truth, starting with his awareness of himself and his cognitive powers, all the way to the perception of the intelligible world. It also seeks to analyze the method of pointing and warning that the two philosophers followed in their stories to express the alienation of philosophical discourse in the society of Arab-Islamic civilization in the middle Ages.

The signs of words in poetic language A reading of examples of the poetry of Dick Al-Jinn Al-Homsi

basem abbas — 2024-06-03

This research is an attempt to find out the connotations of words in examples of the poetry of the Homs poet Deek Al-Jinn. When words enter into a composition, they acquire secondary connotations that are different from the fixed lexical connotations when they are single, especially in poetic language. This research aims to reveal the various connotations that the poet wishes to convey to the recipient through the words he uses, their diversity in his poetry, and their relationships with... Some of them, the word in the context becomes effective and influential and performs several functions and different connotations according to the topics it contains, and it performs the interactions that The word, when combined with others, plays an important role in the vitality of vocabulary, and the combination of words within sentences gives them connotations and functions that do not lie in their isolation and makes them effective in producing the text, and a starting point in every reading process aimed at reproduction, and this difference results from the difference between the word In ordinary language and the word as an element in poetic language that raises the creative and suggestive energy of its elements, and thus words become signs that any reader must stop at, to discover what they hide and what connotations they indicate.

Al-Rabat and Khanat in the City of Jerjan and its Scientific and Social Role through the Book " The History of Jerjan " by Hamzah bin Yusuf Al-Sahmi

Wael Rajab — 2024-06-03

The research dealt with the Study of public service institutions in the City of Jerjan, represented by Al-Rabat and Khanat established in them and to identify the scientific and social role of these institutions through the Book "The History of Jerjan" by Hamzah bin Yusuf Al-Sahmi.

The research included an Introduce and several axes, The First axis discussed the life of Al-Sahmi in two parts, The First dealt with his name, lineage, death and his most prominent writings. The second section dealt with the Book "The History of Jerjan" and Al-Sahmi's approach in writing this book.

As for the Second and Third axes, each of them dealt with the most prominent Al-Rabat and Khanat that were established in the City of Jerjan during the research period _ between the first and fifth Centuries H ̸ seventh and eleventh Centuries A.C _ and its Impact on the scientific and social life in the city of Jerjan.

The Fourth axis dealt with the extent of the impact of the phenomenon of endowments, which was widespread in the Arabic Islamic Society, in supporting these institutions and ensuring their continuity in the services they provide, whether on the scientific or social level. The research also included a mention of the most prominent conclusions that came out with it.

L’analyse existentielle de la rencontre chez les personnages stendhaliens du point de vue sartrien

nael abdelrahman — 2024-06-03

Notre travail de recherche sera divisé en cadre théorique et en cadre pratique. La première étude, dite théorique, a pour objectif de comprendre le concept de la rencontre chez Sartre. Quant à la deuxième étude, dite pratique, elle sera une étude de la rencontre des personnages stendhaliens les plus connus : Julien Sorel, Fabrice Del Dongo et Lucien Leuwen.

The Family Problems from the Children's points of View and Relationship with School Bullying– Afield Study on sample of Sixth Grade Students in Lattakia City

Fatima kimjrawi — 2024-06-04

The current research aimed to identify the level of family Problems from the Children's points of View in Lattakia city, as well as the reality of school bullying among sixth grade students in Lattakia city, and to reveal the relationship between family Problems and school bullying among students, the researcher used the descriptive approach, and to achieve the goal of the research, two tools were built, the first is the family Problems scale consisting of (26) phrases, and the second is the school bullying scale, which consisted of (46) items, and the two tools were applied to a sample composed of (280) students from the sixth grade in the schools of Lattakia city for the academic year 2022/202.

The results of the research showed that the level of family Problems from the Children's points of View in Lattakia city came to a medium degree, and the level of school bullying came to them to a medium degree, and there is a statistically significant and good relationship between family Problems and school bullying among sixth grade students in Lattakia city. In light of the results of the research, several recommendations were made as follows: Promoting the correct and proper family upbringing of children, parents' embrace of their children, satisfying their psychological and emotional needs, and employing their energies positively, and other studies link both family Problems and school bullying to other variables.

Factors affecting the professional performance of teachers (An analytical social study)

amal dandash — 2024-06-04

In light of the challenges faced by the people of our Syrian society from war, earthquakes and others – especially teachers as the subject of our research, this study came to identify the most important factors affecting the professional performance of teachers And how it contributes to raising the efficiency of their ability level in educational institutions, through studying the teacher’s job performance based on special standards that administrations rely on to evaluate teachers – it was necessary to identify the professional performance of teachers in the first place, and the extent of the influence of factors in improving this performance, and to identify the most prominent of these. Factors, and identifying the difficulties that teachers face in our society.

Geographical distribution of the population in Syria and its reflection on State force

yasir muhamad — 2024-06-04

This study examines the geographical distribution of the population in the Syrian Arab Republic and the factors affecting this distribution. It shows that the population of the Syrian Arab Republic is more than its main source. They are the justification for its composition and existence and the decisive element of its strength or vulnerability. It shows that the geographical distribution of the population in any region is a reflection of natural and human circumstances. These factors constitute the basis for their concentration or fragmentation and how this reflects the strength and development of the State in various respects. The importance of the geographical factors and their impact on the distribution of the population in Syria has been demonstrated by the fact that natural factors such as tactileness , climate, water resources and human factors are reflected in economic, social and political factors. This research has shown that there is a significant concentration of the population in specific areas, consisting of city centers, coastal areas and the capital city of Damascus, which confirms the weakness of the development currency or its decline in other areas. It therefore requires clear development plans and programmes in the less concentrated regions, thus achieving some balance in the distribution of the population and increasing the effectiveness of the population in building and strengthening of Syria.

The poetics of rhythm in compositional shifts - the Meccan surahs as an example

hananmahlol mahlol — 2024-06-04

The Qur’anic language is a language rich in influential rhythms, and the Qur’anic rhythm is mentioned at different levels that are in perfect harmony with the meanings, to constitute a manifestation of the miraculous nature of the Qur’an, Rhythm has a major role in expressing the meanings of the Qur’anic text. Its role was not limited to vocal harmony only, but it also had aesthetic and semantic value to contribute to achieving the formal and semantic coherence of the Qur’anic text.

This research seeks to study a modern phenomenon in the Qur’anic text, which is the poetics of grammatical rhythm, by examining some of the positions of syntactic variation such as introduction, delay, deletion, and addition in examples of Meccan surahs in a manner consistent with grammatical rhythm, Because this rhythm is of great importance in shedding light on multiple aspects of the miraculous systems of the Qur’an, Due to the diversity of the Meccan surahs in their rhythms, a reflection of the diversity of positions between encouragement at times and intimidation at other times, The Meccan surahs were distinguished by their rapid rhythm and the prominence of their music to suit the nature of the speech.

Sufism Symbol ( Mark ) Between Concrete Basis And Spiritual Event

Ali Sletteen — 2024-06-04

A Human with his nature is a remarkable creator. He liked to hide his secrets and expressing his thoughts or believes through symbols he has found especially when these symbols function as a measurement for civilization and evolution on different levels. Thus they are divided in many direction where it's hard to gather its limits accumulated.

Symbols are not the same in one level or one way , they are different from age to another as well . Sometimes different are existed in the same period of time . They could be difficult , clear and easy also. So symbols could express sometimes what you can't say in clear and direct words especially in Sufism world where should be out of sorts and nature to reach that meaning of redemption through denial of existence and accept the real fact , which cause the different levels of symbols that hasn't noticed in human history . Those symbols are harmonized with the spiritual _ realized Sufist .

So, a word adopt a different meaning that replies to an abstract meaning which is different from the concrete one .