Latakia University Journal - Arts and Humanities Sciences Series

A study on the Writing Mistakes Made by Persian language Arab Learners

Rana Jouni — 2025-01-06

This research studies the grammatical mistakes made by Arabic-speaking learners writing in Persian language. The study detects the reasons behind these mistakes so that the teachers are made aware of them during the teaching process. It also helps take them into consideration in the process of syllabus design.

The study uses the descriptive analytical method. The research sample is a number of university students learning Persian language at the Iranian Culture Center in the city of Lattakia. The chosen sample is particularly important because it represents highly motivated learners who are not obliged to learn Persian since it is not part of their academic curriculum.

The material subject to analysis is the final written exams given by learners of beginner, intermediate, and advanced proficiency levels. The importance of selecting written exams as research material springs from the fact that they genuinely display the learners' linguistic efforts. They can also help determine the learners' weaknesses by narrowing down their mistakes to the most frequently made and the reasons behind them.

The framework of the study is divided into: a theoretical section, which provides a definition of mistake analysis، its stages، and its practical objective; an empirical section, which consists of an applied study which includes determining the sample, collecting it, and sorting out the different kinds of the learners' mistakes and their frequency by resorting to statistical processes.

The study has shown different kinds of mistakes in the learners' writing, grammatical, morphological, and semantic. It clearly shows that spelling mistakes are the most frequent ones in the Arab learners' writing، which can be attributed to language interference (also known as L1 interference), which "in reality means drawing the learner's linguistic experience from the mother tongue to the language being learned."

Social skills required for the social worker to work with criminals from the point of view of the counselors

Hanaa Barqawi — 2025-01-06

The research aimed to identify the social skills that must be available for the social counselor to work with perpetrators of the criminal act from the counselors' point of view, and to measure the differences between the average scores of the research sample members' answers in the questionnaire of the social skills that must be available for the social counselor's work according to the variables: (gender, educational qualification). The descriptive analytical approach was relied upon. The research sample amounted to (47) social counselors from the social counselors working in the Good Monk Association in the capital, Damascus, and the Aftercare Center affiliated with the Prisoners' Care Association and their Families in the city of Aleppo. The questionnaire of the social skills that must be available for the social counselor to work with perpetrators of the criminal act from the counselors' point of view was applied to them, and it includes (76) items. The research concluded with the following results: The research sample members confirmed the need for counselors to have the social skills that must be available for their work with perpetrators of the criminal act to a high degree on the total score of the questionnaire, as the ordinal mean value reached (3.88). There is no statistically significant difference between the average scores of the research sample members on the questionnaire of social skills required for the work of a social counselor according to the gender variable, and there are statistically significant differences according to the educational qualification variable in favor of social counselors with an educational qualification (diploma or higher).

Geographical analysis of tourist and service attractions and the possibilities of developing them in Qastal Maaf district

lamis naser — 2025-01-06

Qastal Maaf is a district in the Lattakia region, rich in both natural and human tourist attractions. The districts natural diversity, ranging from tourists and mountains to the Mediterranean sea and the archaeological sites, creates a unique tourist environment, the tourism services sector occupies a complementary system of tourist attractions and the demand for it is increasing because it is one of the fields industry. Attracting public and private investments to tourist attraction and developing the tourism services sector ensures the continuity of tourism to the Qastal Maaf district this contributes to providing job opportunities for the local population thus improving their standard of living and developing the district economically and socially. The spatial- geographical analysis of natural and human touristic attractions was studied in the Qastal Maaf. The effect of tourism on the local environment, the productive services and the economic activities such as agriculture, industry and

tourism activity in it with the aim of developing them, and put the future plans. Wadi Qandil had the touristic attractions by 28% the lowest percentage was in the Alisawea 5%. Zaerin was one of the most important location because of restaurants that suit the middle-income tourists.

The diversity of economic activities contributes to the development of tourism and 50% of tourists confirmed that the level of services was poor. The roads in Wadi Qandil and Zaerin were poor at 26% and the electricity was 66%.The water service was poor at 64% due to its impact on the electricity while the communications and clearing services were acceptable at 52%.

Digital Transformation in the Kuwaiti Ministry of Education: Components and Challenges.

Amani Albloushi — 2025-01-06

This study aimed to identify the degree to which the components of digital transformation exist, and the degree to which there are challenges and obstacles to this transformation in the Kuwaiti Ministry of Education. To achieve the objectives of the study, the descriptive analytical method and the questionnaire were used as a tool for collecting data, from the study sample, which consisted of (386) workers in The Ministry. The results concluded that the elements of digital transformation related to both human resources and infrastructure are present in the Kuwaiti Ministry of Education to a moderate degree. They also showed a high degree of the presence of obstacles and challenges that stand in the way of achieving this transformation. Finally, the results showed that there are no statistically significant differences between the answers. Sample members asked about the degree of existence of the components of digital transformation, and the degree of existence of challenges and obstacles to this transformation in the Kuwaiti Ministry of Education, which are attributed to the variables: gender, nationality, and number of years of experience.

Diwan of Ibn al-Tathariyya, a stylistic study The twenty-sixth poem is an example

Howaida Najjari — 2025-01-06

Ibn al-Tathriyya was one of the poets of the Umayyad era, and a model of a sober poetic voice that preserved the Khalili poetic template. His poetic experience expanded and extended over many years of his life, During which he produced a collection of poetry filled with sentiments, especially since he was one of those who were known for love and famous for it, and he was one of the pioneers in that era, His poem (Evening of Youth) tells a story of regret for his departed youth, the loss of contact with goodness, and a prayer to God to overcome the many incidents that made him wise and reject hatred and harm.

This poem has seventeen lines, full of the beauties of grammar and rhetoric, which makes it rich material for stylistic reading, which is what we studied in this research, Through studying the phonetic level, which studies the internal rhythm with its elements repetition, the use of loudness and whispering, alliteration, and slurring, and the external rhythm with its elements meter, rhyme, and narration, The morphological level studies the derivational forms such as the active participle, the passive participle, the modal adjective, the exaggeration of the participle and the noun of place. It also studies the inanimate noun with its two types: the inanimate meaning and the inanimate object, The synthetic level, which studies the declarative style in its primary, requesting, and denial types, and the constructional style, with its various types of call, command, exclamation, and oath, and also studies nominal sentences, semi-sentences, verbal sentences, and rhetorical structures, The semantic level is through the study of semantic fields and suggestive words.

Semiotics of Animal Narratives in Ancient Arabic Prose: The Monkey as a Model

Fatima Hassan AlSarahni — 2025-01-06

This study revolves around the representations of the monkey in ancient Arabic literature from a semiotic perspective, to reveal the symbolic connotations associated with it in narrative texts. Writers have contributed to producing discourses and riddles extracted from its manifestations. The study relied on analyzing those selected texts that occupied a significant space in tales, maqamat, and others, with a focus on the cultural contexts that contributed to shaping the presence of the monkey as a multidimensional symbol. The study aims to answer major questions, most notably: How is the monkey used as a symbol that reflects societal and human issues? What are the cultural values that appear by resorting to these representations? The presence of the monkey establishes a pattern of implications that reveal the wealth of human knowledge. The Arab's observations have contributed to bridging the knowledge gap, recording human memory, and proving its experiences in roaming the animal world. The semiotic approach has been used as an analytical tool to decipher signals, codes, and signs in the texts under study, which has allowed the exploration of human statements with psychological and emotional connotations that were reflected in those texts, as the monkey is associated with the symbolism of betrayal, treachery, intelligence, insight, the ability to imitate and simulate, and class struggle, in addition to being a sign of gain and livelihood.

In short: The monkey in its literary manifestation has transcended the usual vision as a sarcastic symbol to become an aesthetic tool for reading intertwined and complex human interactions and revealing diverse human values.

The Effectiveness of Using the Climbing Plateau Strategy on Acquiring Geometric Mathematical Concepts and Reducing Math Anxiety among Tenth Grade Students in Jordan

Awad ALkhazam — 2025-01-06

This study aimed to verify the effectiveness of using the climbing plateau strategy on acquiring geometric mathematical concepts and reducing math anxiety among tenth grade students in Jordan, the study used a quasi-experimental design. The personnel of this study consisted of (64) tenth grade students in mathematics, distributed into two groups in a random manner, One is experimental which studied according to the Climbing Plateau Strategy and the other is control which studied according to the usual method, every one contains (32) students in each group, the researcher in this study used two study tools, one in the form of a test to measure acquiring geometric mathematical concepts, and the other in the form of a questionnaire to measure mathematics anxiety. After verifying their validity and reliability. The results of this study indicated that there were statistically significant differences between the average scores of the experimental group and the control group on the measure of acquiring geometric mathematical concepts test, in favor of the experimental group, and the results also showed there were statistically significant differences between the average scores of the experimental group and the control group In the mathematics anxiety questionnaire scale, in favor of the experimental group. And the study recommended to use the Climbing Plateau Strategy in teaching mathematics, because of considered one of the modern teaching strategies, and it is effective in acquiring mathematical Geometric concepts and reducing mathematics anxiety among students.

The Extent of Arabic Language Teachers’ Use of the Original Evaluation Methods in Al-Anbar Governorate from Teachers' and Educational Supervisors’ point of view

haitham Al-Qadi — 2025-02-07

This study sought to understand how Arabic language teachers in Al-Anbar Governorate utilize authentic assessment methods, drawing insights from both teachers and educational supervisors. These methods encompass performance assessment, portfolio assessment, interviews, observation, self-assessment, peer assessment, and written tests. Employing a descriptive research approach, the study utilized a detailed questionnaire of 44 items, categorized into seven domains, to gather data. The sample included 185 individuals, consisting of 155 teachers (representing 10% of the total population) and 30 educational supervisors, selected randomly.

The findings indicated a moderate overall use of authentic assessment methods by teachers. Among the domains, "portfolio assessment" emerged as the most commonly employed method, with a mean score of 3.02, while "peer assessment" was the least utilized, scoring an average of 1.84. Statistically significant differences were observed between teachers and supervisors, with supervisors demonstrating a higher frequency of using authentic assessment techniques. These variations were largely attributed to inadequate field training, limited resources, and an overreliance on traditional tests by teachers.

The study advocates for the implementation of robust training programs aimed at equipping teachers with the necessary skills to effectively apply authentic assessment methods. Furthermore, it suggests integrating these approaches into curricula to enhance educational quality. The adoption of such practices is expected to foster students’ critical thinking abilities and improve overall educational outcomes. These results underscore the urgent need for advancing teaching strategies in Arabic language education to promote more inclusive and effective learning environments.

Ottoman policy towards Yemen during the first half of the nineteenth century

Alaa alden Jabour — 2025-01-06

The research deals with the policy of the Ottoman Empire towards Yemen in the first half of the nineteenth century AD. This policy was represented by the Ottoman Empire’s efforts to eliminate the Wahhabi movement in the Arabian Peninsula through the Egyptian governor Muhammad Ali Pasha, and the resulting repeated campaigns to the regions of northern Yemen. , In addition to the impact of the Ottoman disputes with the governor of Egypt on the political situation in Yemen until the Egyptian army left it in 1840 AD, in addition to the state’s efforts to impose its actual and direct control in Yemen through its campaign there in 1849 AD.

The degree of Problem-Solving Strategy Employing in Teaching French from the point of view of Teachers - A Field Study in the Schools of the Basic Teaching (Second Stage) and General Secondary Schools in Latakia City

Hyam Zreiki — 2025-01-06

The research objective is to know the degree of employment of the problem-solving strategy in teaching French from the point of view of teachers in the schools of the second cycle of basic education and general secondary education in Latakia City, and to reveal the differences in the degree of their employment of the problem-solving strategy in teaching French according to the following variables (educational stage, number of years of experience, academic qualification, training courses), and the descriptive analytical approach was relied on. The sample included (128) French language teachers in the schools of the second cycle of basic and secondary education in Latakia City, to which a questionnaire consisting of (38) phrases was applied.

The results of the research showed that the research sample members' estimate of the degree of teachers' employment of the problem-solving strategy in teaching the French language from their point of view was average, and the results of the research found that there were no statistically significant differences between the answers of the research sample members about the degree of their employment of the problem-solving strategy according to the variable of the number of years of experience, and the existence of statistically significant differences according to the educational stage variable in favor of the schools of the second cycle of basic education, and according to the scientific qualification variable in favor of teachers with a diploma Educational qualification, depending on the variable of training courses, for the benefit of teachers who have undergone training courses. It also made several recommendations, the most important of which are: the teacher's guide includes a detailed explanation of the steps for applying French language teaching using the problem-solving strategy, and intensifying training courses that support the employment of this strategy in teaching French

Harmony and Proportion in Plato's Theory of Beauty

Alaa Nasser — 2025-01-13

In this research, I tried to shed light on one of the problems of Plato's philosophy and its relationship to other parts of his philosophy, which is the problem of beauty and its relationship to the theory of images. And he was influenced by his teacher, Socrates, in the philosophy of the concept. In this research, I tried to explore his philosophy of beauty through the arts and their types. Good art, as I spoke in the research, is beneficial to the individual and the state. I also tried to overcome obstacles in the theory of participation through art, which Plato sees as an incomplete simulation. In some cases, we cannot understand Plato's philosophy as a contradiction in its literalness, as it takes in its generality and not in its specificity. The subject of sharing between the material and ideal worlds has a lot of contradiction.

The work of adud al dawleh al buwaihi civilized state in Iraq 337-372) /949-983 AD)

samar sakkour — 2025-01-13

The Buyid state in Iraq during the time of Abdu Al Dawla was distinguished by a characteristic that was rarely available in other states,which was that its men were people of knowledge and liter ature
During his reign ,the state reached great importance and witnessed remarkable achievements,after his entry into Baghdad he began rebuiliding the demolished mosques and markets , he was keen to make bimaristan a school for teaching medicine and a home for treating patients,so the medical industry advanced during his reign,he also paid attention to building mosques,especially university mosques,due to his awarenesse of their scientific role as a center of scientific and intellectual life ,he also expanded some mosques and built many of them in baghdad ,allocating huge sums of money to them,he gave the shiite mosques the greatest attention, building a mosque over the grave of Imam Ali bin Abi Talib and a mosque over the grave of Hussein bin Ali in Karbala,Scientific life also witnessed widespread prosperity during his reign and scholars became close to him and he lavished gifts on them,his council was a forum in which jurists ,hadith scholar ,writes ,poest,doctors ,and engineers gathered ,scientific discussions would take place in his presence and each expert would give his opinion,and Adud al Dawla would participate with them in these discussions ,Asfor his interest in literature and poetry ,it was so great that he used to gather poets honor them,and listen to their poems on of the most famousl literary scholars during his reign was Abu Abdullah alMazrabani ,the auther of the book Al Mawdhid and Abu Al Qasim bin yusuf Al Shirazi ,who had the greatest impacton spreading the literary culture of his time,Thus the period of Adud al Dawla's Buyid rule in Irag was full of generosity through his great contribution to supporting the intellectual and scientific movement.

Characteristics of Intellectual Production of Academic Journals at Tishreen University: A Bibliometric Study of the Journal of Arts and Humanities Series 2015 -

Suheer Issa — 2025-01-13

scientific production has become one of the important topics because of its role in knowing the characteristics of published research and finding out the weaknesses in this production and

trying to evaluate it .

The study aims at analyzing the journal of literature and humanities issued by, journal of tishreen university, and identify the features of the journal's intellectual production since 2015 to 2023, it also aims at monitoring the numerical, qualitative. Objective and linguistic trends. In addition to the study of the author's productivity in the different majors covered by journal

The study relied on bibliometric method , The number of articles covered in that period amounted to 1,687 article in 9 volumes spread over 54, Topping the topic of education in the journal at a higher rate estimated (26.20%), Among the most important results that joint authorship is more than the Solo author, and the number of periodicals cited in the articles reached 1,751 periodical, at a rate of 7,051 reference certificates, Where the Arab patrols received a greater number of reference citations by (61.70%), and Damascus University's is most cited journal 10.84%.

Form-Function Correlations in Gen Z’s Instagram Direct Messages

Sara Attaf — 2025-01-13

This article investigates the form-function correlations in the Instagram direct messages of fifteen Gen Z’ers living in Latakia governorate, Syria. Roughly, Gen Z is the world demographic born between 1996 and the early 2000s. Due to globalization and the emergence of social media as a hub of intermingling ideologies, cultures, and languages; multilingual Gen Z’ers seem to be inclined to perform patterned and systematic code mixing and switching in a variety of contexts and domains. Instagram direct messages were chosen for the intimate and ‘safe’ environment they provide participants, facilitating their patterned use of code mixing and switching. Adopting James Paul Gee’s model of Discourse, this quantitative-qualitative study outlines the form-function correlations prevalent in the participants’ social language, connecting their discourse to identity construction. This study also adopts the Myers-Scotton model to determine how meaning is negotiated among participants of this Gen Z Discourse. The current study found that participants of this Discourse systematically and strategically employ code switching / mixing in their speech for a variety of purposes, chief among which are topic shifts and lexical gaps, emotional intensity of domain, change in tone, as well as stance expression. Furthermore, code switching / mixing instances occur when participants are discussing gossip, social activities, and opinions of others. It should be noted that the forms under analysis in this article are restricted to code switching and code mixing.

Durability, Intuition, and Vision in Bergson's Philosophy

Zainab Hassan — 2025-01-13

Research Methodology:The intellectual methodology in this research will combine both rational and historical approaches aimed at defining the concepts and ideas presented by Bergson and deducing what is beneficial. Our choice of the historical method intends to trace Bergson's concepts back to their original sources, seeking to determine the spirit to which they belong by returning to their French roots.

Conclusions and Recommendations:This research aims to shed light on one of the most significant contemporary philosophies, not only in the context of French philosophy but in the broader scope of modern philosophy as a whole. We have attempted to clarify the intricate relationship between vision, durability, and time.

When Bergson discusses the concepts of vision and intuition, he embodies them with meanings and implications that are inexhaustible and constantly evolving, reflecting new meanings consistent with the spirit of the era in which the vision is defined, striving to express itself through a wide array of concepts that the philosopher innovates. These concepts serve as precise articulations of the problems he encounters and works diligently to address while proposing suitable solutions.

Hence, Bergson endeavored to outline the features of what he called the vision method, ensuring it aligns with the evolutionist doctrine amidst the intense debates involving philosophers and scientists within the French cultural milieu, who were categorized under three philosophical currents: the spiritual current, the vital current, and the evolutionary current.

Islamic Coins and Their Importance in the Study of Islamic History and Archaeology.

dhiya al-dinshafoor — 2025-01-13

This study included Islamic money, its cultural role and history, and included the science of coins or money. It shed light on the importance of the invention of money, clarified the presence of currency in Islamic sources, showed the types of currency used and the manufacture of money, touched on the counterfeiting and adulteration of currency and the motives behind these fraudulent operations, and mentioned the types of counterfeit money...

Importance of the Research:The significance of this study lies in providing a clear picture of coins and their role in facilitating transactions. It emphasizes the importance of coins and the history of their development, outlining the stages of coin manufacturing and illustrating the patterns of currency, such as dinars, dirhams, and fals. It also discusses methods of counterfeiting and forgery, as well as the reasons behind the resort to currency fraud.

Research Problem: This research aims to shed light on coins and their importance in studying history, as coins contribute to enriching historical knowledge in both ancient and modern countries, especially when documents become silent and unable to express or convey information. The research revolves around several important questions:

What is the significance of coins in the study of history?
What are the main categories of currency, and what is the role of money in Islamic sources?
What are the reasons or motivations for using forgery and counterfeiting methods in currency?

Conclusion: From the above, we can see that the importance of this research lies in the information it provides about coins, their types, methods of coin production, and their role in historical studies. It helps to fill the gaps that sometimes arise due to the loss of documents during certain historical periods. Thus, coins serve as the element that completes some parts of historical deficiency, and the invention of coins is a significant historical event, no less important than the invention of writing.

The Religious Reform movement in Europe and its most famous pioneers

Atef khozama — 2025-01-13

The reformation movement in Europe did not occur suddrenly, Rather the catholic church was subjected to several reform movementes over the previous centuries, but it was going through them peacefully until the sixtieenth century AD came when the papacy lost its prestige, the popes became agroup that owned and collected money and cared about it more than they cared about the affaires of the church, as it became their own interests, and the interests of their relatives and those in whom they seek refuge have also become their concerns to a greater extent than matters of doctrine and the catholic church, which prompted thinkers and reformers to research the conditions of the catholic church and the necessity of reforming itself on its own from the inside, and in the event that it is unable toreform internally, reform is imposed on it from the outside, and it must accept that, despite what is imposed, one of the means of reform since it was not able to do so on its own.

The religious revolution began in Germany because the philosophy of theology and religious beliefs were more firmly established there than in Italy, where the headquarters of the papacy was.

Social representations of mental illness among psychological counseling students

shiren altazah — 2025-01-13

The current research aims to identify the social representations of mental illness among a sample of psychological counseling students at Tishreen University (first year). The sample consisted of (10) students. The descriptive approach was adopted in the research, and The sample was drawn randomly and the associative network technique of Maria De Rosa in 1995 was used. The results showed that the representations were generally negative and that the word (loneliness) was the most frequent word and constitutes the central nucleus of the social representation of mental illness, as it is the most frequent and important word and therefore It is the most stable among the sample members and is 100% with a negative trend, as classified by the sample members.

As for the first peripheral system, it includes the words (acceptance, responsibility, isolation, needs help, needs treatment, madness, depression, interest, deficiency), and all the words had a positive trend in a large percentage except for the words (isolation, needs help, widespread), which he classified. Sample members thought that the word had a negative attitude and the word (needs treatment) had a neutral attitude.

As for the second peripheral system of representation, it contains the words (lack, shame, normal, disability, integration, support, no treatment, violence, need of care, injustice, homelessness, fear, backwardness, disorder, burden, denial), which are words repeated only once.

Building and grading a question bank for mathematics in the fifth grade According to the single response theory

Raja ASSAD — 2025-01-13

The current research aims to build and calibration a question bank for mathematics in the fifth grade using item response theory. To achieve this, five achievement tests were designed, each consisting of (25) items in the five study units in mathematics. Then the tests were applied to a sample of (500) male and female students in the fifth grade, after verifying the characteristics of items response theory. The results showed that we obtained a bank consisting of (96) items after deleting the inappropriate items within the suitability limits. The minimum ability was (-1.53) and the maximum was (1.76) with an average difficulty of zero and a standard deviation of (0.96), noting that all values are estimated in the logit unit. In light of the research results, it was proposed to adopt the included question bank to develop questions for mathematics in the fifth grade. The research also suggested building question banks for all subjects based on the item response theory.

The Quality of Family Life and Its Relationship to Irrational Thoughts Among High School Students - A Field Study in Latakia City

Fatema Shigri — 2025-01-13

The research aimed to identify the level of quality of family life among students of the general secondary education stage Latakia City, and the level of irrational thoughts they have, also to study the relationship between them. To achieve the purpose of the research, the descriptive analytical approach was used, and the research sample included (544) students, and the quality of family life scale was applied, which consisted of (52) items, and the irrational thoughts scale, which consisted of (48) items. The research aimed to identify the level of quality of family life among students of the general secondary education stage Latakia City, and the level of irrational thoughts they have, also to study the relationship between them. To achieve the purpose of the research, the descriptive analytical approach was used, and the research sample included (544) students, and the quality of family life scale was applied, which consisted of (52) items, and the irrational thoughts scale, which consisted of (48) items.

The research was found that the level of quality of family life among students of the general secondary education stage Latakia City was middle, and the level of irrational thoughts they have is high, and the existence of a strong inverse relationship between the quality of family life and irrational thoughts among students of the general secondary education stage Latakia City, and the absence of a statistically significant difference in the level of quality of family life among students of the general secondary education stage Latakia City according to the (sex and branch) variables, and there is a statistically significant difference in the level of irrational thoughts they have according to the gender variable in favor of females, and according to the branch variable in favor of the scientific branch.

The Reality to which Second Field of Basic Education Teachers are Practicing the 21st Century Skills from their Point of view - A Field Study

Yehia Ajeeb — 2025-01-13

The study aimed to investigate the reality of practicing 21st-century skills by second-cycle basic education teachers in schools in the city of Latakia. These skills include critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, communication, and the use of technology. The researcher employed a descriptive-analytical approach, distributing a questionnaire consisting of 58 items to a sample of 214 teachers. The findings revealed that the level of teachers’ practice of these skills was generally moderate. Creativity and innovation skills ranked highest among the skills practiced by teachers, followed by life skills, then communication and collaboration skills. On the other hand, critical thinking and problem-solving skills, along with information technology skills, were the least practiced.

These results were attributed to multiple factors, including weak professional qualifications among teachers, a lack of appropriate educational resources, and overcrowded classrooms. Additionally, the researcher highlighted the impact of social and economic conditions, including the educational crises caused by the war, which adversely affected the educational environment.

The study recommended providing comprehensive training programs for teachers focusing on developing 21st-century skills and integrating these skills into teacher preparation programs and school curricula. It also emphasized the need to improve the physical environment of schools and ensure the availability of necessary technological resources. Furthermore, the study called for additional research to include the perspectives of students and school administrators for a deeper analysis of these practices. This study underscores the urgent need to enhance the quality of education amid current challenges by empowering teachers to apply modern skills required for 21st-century educational processes.

Manifestations of the intellectual's personality in the Syrian rural novel

Rita Ali — 2025-01-13

This research attempts to approach the manifestations of the intellectual’s personality in the Syrian Arab novel in the second half of the twentieth century, based on the importance of the personality element in the architecture of the novel as a literary genre, and the role of this element in providing the novel with one of the most important components of the artistic structure, and the aesthetics of this structure; The study of the character of the intellectual in the Syrian Arab novel has intellectual and artistic dimensions, due to the possibility of a connection between the novel as a literary art and its social and cultural references.

The research focused on studying the educated character in the Syrian novel that deals with the Syrian Arab countryside by a group of Syrian novelists. Then the research tested the effectiveness of the educated character in the rural novel, through three basic models, which are: (the traditional intellectual, the revolutionary intellectual, and the non-affiliated intellectual), with the aim of Forming a general view of the character of the intellectual in the Syrian Arab novel, to extract its general vision, and study its characters, in order to reveal its aesthetics, and shed light on its role and the extent of its ability to transfer the Syrian Arab novel from the shades of romanticism to realism.

Quality of life level among mothers of children with Mental handicap and Autism Spectrum disorder )Field study in Lattakia city)

Rahaf Moraa — 2025-01-13

The research aimed to identify the level of quality of life among mothers of children with disabilities (mental, autism spectrum disorder), as well as to identify the differences in their quality of life according to the variable of the mother's educational level and the type of disability. The researcher adopted the descriptive approach and the tool is the quality of life questionnaire prepared by the researcher. The research sample consisted of (40) mothers of children with disabilities who visit the Women’s Support and Empowerment Center in Lattakia. They were drawn in a simple random manner. The results showed that the largest percentage of mothers (57.5%) have a low level of quality of life. The quality of life of mothers did not differ according to the mother’s educational level and the type of child’s disability.

Habermas's Deliberative Structure of Discussion

Itidal Al-Kafiry — 2025-01-13

Researching the deliberative structure of discussion according to Habermas must push us to trace the most important basic issues that Habermas addressed when he wanted to talk about the status of communicative actions that individuals establish among themselves in a deliberative framework in which they exchange viewpoints, opinions and ideas related to the issues they encounter in their daily lives that must be agreed upon and establish a rule of validity that shows to a large extent the importance of agreeing on those problems, which leads to solving them. However, this will not be possible unless there is a discussion at the public level that takes place among all segments of the people; a discussion whose steps are deeply and effectively established in a way that does not ignore people’s goals and interests, because when those interests are ignored, this means the absence of justifications for public discussion that is supposed to ultimately aim to achieve a shared human life among individuals that achieves their freedom of speech and action alike, not to mention that it gives them a sense of reassurance, security and human dignity.

Manifestations of conflict in Al-Akhtal’s poetry

Maha Muhanna — 2025-01-13

In this research, we shed light on some scenes of conflict in the poetry of Al-Akhtal Al-Taghlabi, as he is an incomparable poet who can explore his scenes in a visionary entity, filled with poetry.

Conflict is a state that a person experiences as a result of the difference between his morals, religion, and ideas and the living reality. Al-Akhtal is one of the poets who experienced this conflict as a result of many reasons. He is of a different religion, different mentality, and affiliation, and this is what appeared in his poetry in multiple aspects. The religious conflict appears through the remnants of the poem in the self, and the framing of the tendencies of this conflict between instincts and their inhibitors, and between worldly and religious matters, and we find the cultural conflict represented by the difference in ideologies and intellectual matters that radiate thought and the glows of Arab civilization.

The social conflict manifested itself in the class struggle between the rich and the poor, between officials of authority and the general public, and between the various societal forces that had their presence and influence in Arab life in general. The political conflict was the voice of the citizen against the forces that hindered his progress.

The Availability of Technological Competencies Among Students of the Faculty of Education at Tishreen University A Field Study"

Medhat Bikdash — 2025-01-13

هدف البحث الحالي إلى التعرف على درجة توافر الكفايات التكنولوجية لدى طلبة كلية التربية بجامعة تشرين من وجهة نظرهم، بالإضافة إلى التعرف على الفروق في درجة هذه الكفايات تبعاً لمتغيرات الدراسة المتمثلة بالتخصص الدراسي وحضور الدورات التدريبية في الحاسوب والإنترنت. وقد استخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي، ولتحقيق أهداف البحث تم تطوير استبانة مكونة من (36) فقرة موزعة على ثلاثة أبعاد، وتم تطبيقها على عينة مكونة من (152) طالباً وطالبة من طلبة السنة النهائية في كلية التربية بجامعة تشرين للعام الدراسي 2023/2024. وقد أشارت نتائج البحث إلى أن درجة توافر الكفايات التكنولوجية لدى طلبة كلية التربية بجامعة تشرين كانت متوسطة بشكل عام وفي بعدي كفاءات استخدام الإنترنت وكفاءات البحث في قواعد البيانات والمكتبات الإلكترونية، بينما كانت مرتفعة في بعد كفاءات استخدام الحاسوب. كما وجدت فروق في درجة توافر الكفايات التكنولوجية بين الطلبة تعزى إلى التخصص الدراسي، لصالح أقسام تربية الطفل والمناهج وطرق التدريس، وكذلك فروق تعزى إلى حضور الدورات التدريبية في الحاسوب والإنترنت، لصالح الذين حضروا الدورات التدريبية.

The social impact of the Persians in the first Abbasid era

Rasha Al Awki — 2025-01-13

The research deals with the role of the Persians in social life in the Abbasid era. Abbasid society was a mixture of races that included Arabs, Turks, and Persians, who played a major role in the success of the Abbasid call. This allowed them to enjoy positions that were reserved for Arabs only before, whether at the state level or At the level of society with its various facilities, and sometimes they aspired to more than that, and the contact of the Abbasids with the Persians resulted in customs and traditions that included various aspects of social life, such as food, clothing, and drink, Even in the Persian holidays, they recognized them, such as Nowruz and the festival, and the matter developed until the most correct caliphs celebrated these holidays. All of this led to an increase in the influence of the Persians in Abbasid society. The role of the Persians in the establishment of the Abbasid state was clarified, as the Khorasan origin of the Abbasid call and their support for it was accomplished. As a result of the friction between the Persians and the Arabs, the Arabs took away from them aspects of amusement, namely games, singing gatherings, manifestations of pomp and greatness, and others that were studied.

The Persian influence was also clearly evident in social customs such as veiling, the colors of food, clothing and adornment traditions, and palace construction.

The choice of this research stems from the fact that political studies have received considerable attention without delving into social conditions, in order to highlight some of the positive and negative aspects of Persian influence.

The social life during the Abbasid era, which is the focus of this study, underwent significant transformations that affected various social aspects due to the substantial Persian influence and the esteemed position the Persians held among the Abbasid caliphs.

Social impacts of children's use of the digital world

Hlood Jamaa — 2025-01-13

The digital world (the Internet) is one of the most important diversities of the contemporary century, and it can reach everywhere, at any time. The Internet reduces the factors of time and space (provided that an electronic device is available and can connect to the Internet); Therefore, we assume the impact of the Internet on people's lives in general, and on the lives of children in particular. Childhood is one of the stages of life most affected by the environment, and perhaps for some reason it is necessary for you to have the child on you. Childhood emerged as one of the most important stages of character building for people. Today’s children are the youth of the future who will depend on them in the development of an advanced, creative society. With their entry into the digital world, Francesco’s daily has a developer, and you see oversight and are able to prevent them or monitor their entry into this digital world. It has produced many positive effects for us. And cooperation, which is directly or indirectly involved in the formation of many animal, behavioral and cognitive concepts in the child. Children’s digital access to digital learning and well-being is partially monitored by an adult (specific to educators), which leads to tangible positive results, but its use in addition to The female head of the family will lead to bad results, and thus the technical development for everyone, and the access of the Internet to all age groups; It had to work with the children's category, entering the world digitally and into their consciousness from a Brazilian car; Achieving a healthy personality, and thus achieving a healthy society in the future (a healthy society consists of healthy people.

Social relations in the Internet era

ola abdullah — 2025-01-13

This research aims to Identify the reality of social relations in the Internet era, and to identify the positives and negatives of the Internet on social relations, and how these relationships oscillate between the real and virtual worlds. Therefore, the research problem started from the main question: What is the reality of social relations in the Internet era?

The importance of this research is evident from the importance of social relationships and their direct impact on humans, and the repercussions of using the Internet on the pattern of social relationships between individuals. The descriptive approach was used in this research because it is in line with the nature of the research.

Recently, the world has witnessed a remarkable development, which has emerged in scientific and technological progress in the network, which has brought about profound changes in various aspects of social life.

The modern Information revolution has contributed to the formation of a new world, the virtual world, whichh was the nucleus of social relations of a new kind that crossed the boundaries of time and place. Social relations were no longer limited to visits and social meetings, but rather became at all times. This change in the nature of communication has become a threat to relations. Social, and this is what the study sought to present, and to discuss the positive and negative effects of the spread of the Internet on social relations

The research concluded that one of the advantages of the spread of the Internet on social relationships is that they have become relationships that are easy to access, inexpensive financially, easy to frame and limit, and have become built on the basis of the individual’s personal choice. They are relationships that are free to express opinions, feelings, and ideas

As for the negatives of the Internet on social relationships, it imposes dealing with imaginary personalities, in addition to excessive communication via the Internet, it distances a person from real life. This Is in addition to the ease of abandoning and disappearing, and once the account Is closed, the relationship Is completely cut off

The Ottoman Empire during the reign of Sultan Selim III (1789-1807)

Hassan Mahmoud — 2025-01-13

This research talks about one of the ottoman sultan who played amajor role in trying to reform and develop the Ottoman state after it was weakened and disintegrated during the period of the weak sultans, and European countries became bolder towards it and reduced its area, and internal disturbances occurred in it in addition to the janissaries domination over the sultans and the general implementation of orders issued to them, and corruption spread throughout it from buying the appropriate and the high cost of aid and the authority of unjust men over important positions in the state, so Sultan selim III when he reached the throne of the Ottoman Empire, its response was weakness and disintegration, which benefited him to work on trying to develop the Ottoman state and return it to what it was in the time of the strong sultans who were sponsoring Europe, and the janissary forces marched under his authority and the victories over the European armies and helped to expand the area of the Ottoman state, so the rise of Sultan selim III by making new reform arrangements in the Ottoman state internally and externally was not an easy matter in a state that had reached an advanced stage from weakness and dissolution, but he faced many difficulties in trying to control and lead the Ottoman Empire.

The Relationship of Philosophy to Hegel’s Scientific Culture

Nisren Ismael — 2025-01-13

This research explores the relationship between philosophy and science according to Hegel's philosophy, focusing on how the sci

entific nature of philosophy can be achieved through a comprehensive systematic framework. Hegel emphasizes that philosophical truth is only presented within an integrated logical system that reflects inclusivity and universality. The research examines the concept of philosophy as a science of the absolute idea and highlights Hegel's approach to connecting thought with reality through the notion of experience, which represents a pivotal point in understanding the relationship between philosophy and the sciences.

The study has been revised to address its weaknesses by incorporating a critical perspective on Hegel's system compared to modern experimental sciences and clarifying the challenges his philosophy faces in light of contemporary scientific developments, including sciences that rely on statistical and probabilistic models. Additionally, a comparative discussion between Hegel and other philosophers, such as Kant and Nietzsche, has been introduced to broaden the analytical scope and highlight points of divergence among them.

The research underscores the importance of Hegel's philosophy as a comprehensive framework for understanding the relationship between the particular and the universal, with a focus on the dialectical laws that drive thought and spirit towards self-realization in successive stages. It also discusses the distinction between philosophy and experimental sciences, referencing Hegel's principle of experience and how he addresses experimental subjects compared to reflective intellectual issues.

The study concludes with a critical analysis of Hegel's contribution to linking reason with the absolute, recommending an expansion of Hegel's philosophy to include its applications in the humanities and social sciences, thereby enhancing its academic value in contemporary contexts.

The degree of use the" story" feature in social media to express the emotional state of its users (A field study on a sample of Postgraduate Students at the Faculty of Education at Tishreen University)

Areej aldwairy — 2025-01-13

The current study aimed to identify the degree of use of the story feature on social networking sites to express emotional state, among a sample of postgraduate students at the Faculty of Education at Tishreen University. To achieve the objectives of the study, the descriptive approach was used, as the study sample consisted of (50) male and female students, who were selected using a simple random sample method. The study relied on a questionnaire prepared by the researcher, which consisted of (18) items. After verifying the psychometric properties of the tool in terms of validity and reliability; The results of the study showed that the degree of using the story feature to express the emotional state among the study sample members was moderate, and there were statistically significant differences in the degree of use according to the gender variable in favor of male. The results also showed that the story always reflects what the sample members feel at a rate of (34%), and that the motive for sharing achievements and activities came first among the motives for updating the story on social networking sites at a rate of (20.7%), and Facebook came in first place among the sites used to share stories at a rate of (47.4%). The results also showed that the image attached to the text is the preferred content for publishing the story on social networking sites at a rate of (45.7%). Based on this, the researcher recommends, in light of the results of the study, the necessity of conducting more studies in the field of psychology and media on the story feature and its relationship to expressing emotions, and the extent to which interaction with it by others affects the emotional state of the user, and on the possibility of developing this feature, which makes communication and expression of feelings through the digital space better.