تأثير السماد العضوي البقري المتخمر في نسبة وشدة الإصابة بالفطر Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri المسبب لمرض الذبول على الحمص
Abstract
تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى اختبار تأثير روث الأبقار المتخمر -كعامل مكافحة- في نسبة وشدة الإصابة بالفطر الممرضFusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri على نباتات حمص صنف غاب 3 في مركز البحوث العلمية الزراعية- الغاب, باستخدام معدلين من روث الأبقار المتخمر 50% و25% (تربة: روث أبقار), حيث وفرت المعاملتين 8)50%( و 9)25%( بوجود الفيتافاكس حماية لبذور الحمص فبلغت نسبة الإنبات 85% لكل منهما بفروق معنوية مع معاملتي الفيوزاريوم 5)50%( و 6)25%( (61.2% لكل منهما). ازداد وزن الـ 100 حبة والوزن الجاف للنبات الواحد عند المعاملتين( فيوزاريوم) 5)50%( حتّى(13.71غ, 7.4غ), و6)25%( حتّى(15.12غ, 6.25غ) بالمقارنة مع المعاملة 4(9.79غ, 1.22غ). استخدام معدل السماد 25% في المعاملتين 6 و 9 خفض نسبة الإصابة عند الإزهار حتّى 40%, 15% على التوالي, كما خفض شدة الإصابة حتّى (0.1, 0.04)على التوالي, بالمقارنة مع المعاملة 4 (81.7%, 0.37). بينما في مرحلة العقد خفضت المعاملة 9 نسبة الإصابة حتى 59%, كما خفضت المعاملة 6 شدة الإصابة حتى 0.28, بالمقارنة مع المعاملة 4 فبلغت نسبة الإصابة وشدتها حتى 93.8% و 0.78.
This research aimed to study the effect of cow dung manure on Fusarium oxysporium f. sp. ciceri (FOC), which is the causal agent of wilt chickpea, by using two levels of cow dung (25%, 50%). The results showed that treatments(vitavax) 8 (50%) and 9(25%) had improved germination percentage to 85% compared with treatments(FOC) 5 and 6(61.2%) for each one. The100-seed weight and dry weight of one plant increased in treatment 5 to 13.71g, 7.4g, and in treatment 6 to 15.12g, 6.25g, compared with treatment 4(9.79g, 1.22g). Using 25% manure level in 6 and 9 treatments reduced infection percentage to 40%, 15% respectively. It also decreased DII disease intensity index to (0.1, 0.04) respectively, compared with treatment 4(81.7%,0.37) at flowering period. In fruit set period, treatment 9 reduced infection percentage to 59%, while treatment 6 reduced DII to 0.28, compared with treatment 4 that had infection percentage and DII (93.8%,0.78)respectively.
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