تأثير التشميس في مكافحة فطور تربة البيوت المحمية
Abstract
أجري البحث لدراسة تأثير التشميس في فطور تربة البيوت المحمية , وتضمنت الدراسة أربع معاملات :
شاهد , تشميس 30 , 40 , 50 يوماً, وعلى أعماق0 , 5, 10, 15 و 20سم , مع تغطية معاملات التشميس بغطاء شفاف من البولي إيتيلين. ونفذ البحث في جامعة تشرين ضمن بيت بلاستيكي مساحته 350 م² لموسمين زراعيين2007 -2008, 2009-2008.
أظهرت النتائج أن تشميس التربة بتغطيتها بغطاء شفاف من البولي إيتيلين قد أدى إلى رفع متوسط درجة حرارتها إلى 54.29) و º(55.42م على عمق5 - 0 سم, بينما انخفضت مع العمق وبلغت (40.16 و 44.45)°م على عمق 20 -15 سم في التربة المغطاة لموسمي الدراسة على التوالي, بالمقارنة مع متوسط درجة 41.70) و42.11) ºم على عمق5 - 0 سم و 30.42) و33.92)ºم على عمق 20 - 15 سم في الشاهد للموسمين نفسيهما, ولمدة التغطية نفسها.
تمّ عزل وتصنيف 12 جنساً فطرياً, بعضها رمي والبعض الآخر متطفل على النباتات, وأظهرت النتائج إمكانية مكافحة أنواع جنس Verticillium spp. بنسبة 100% على عمق 20 سم عند متوسط درجة حرارة º39.10م بعد ثلاثين يوماً, وتخفيض أعداد أنواع جنس. Fusarium spp حتى عمق 20 سم حيث تم التخلص من 88.82 % من الأنواع عند متوسط درجة حرارة بين33.1) -º(44.10م بعد 50 يوماً و 83.40 %عند متوسط درجة حرارة بين (38.32-(44.45ºم بعد 40 يوماً للموسمين المدروسين.
This investigation was carried out in a plastic house (350 m² area) located at Tishreen University in two seasons 2007-2008 and 2008-2009, to study the effect of soil solarization in soil borne fungi in greenhouse. With four treatments: the control treatment, Soilsolarization: 30, 40, and 50 days, and 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm depth. The solarized soil covered with transparent polyethylene.
Results showed that; Soilsolarization caused an increase in soil temperature to 54.29 -55.42ºc at 0-5 cm depth, and 40.16- 44.45º at 15-20 cm depth, and there were differences in soil temperature between covered and uncovered soil in two years study, that temperature was 41.70-42.11ºc, and 30.42-33.92ºc, at 0-5 and 15-20 cm respectively for the same year and period.
Up to 12 genus of soil borne fungi was isolated and identified in this experiment, some of them were saprophytes and some were plant pathogens.
Results showed that the soil solarization caused 100% reduction in the number of population of Verticillium spp, after 30 days at 39.10ºc, also mulching soil reduced the number of Fusarium spp. population until 20 cm with 88.82% after 50 days at 33.10-44.10ºc, and 83.43% after 40 days at 38.32-44.45ºc for two years of the study.
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