دور الزراعة الكثيفة ونمو بعض أصناف التفاح المطعمة على الفسائل في تحديد المسافات الحية والعمر الاقتصادي للأشجار
Abstract
أجريت الدراسة على أشجار الصنفين غولدن ديليشيس (Golden delicious) وستاركنغ ديليشيس (Starking delicious) المطعمين على فسائل الصنف البلدي. استغرقت الدراسة ثلاثة أعوام بدءاً من العام السابع عشر من عمر الأشجار (1999).
شملت الدراسة قياس كل من ارتفاع الشجرة، قطر ساقها وقطر تاجها، وتم عدّ الفروع الهيكلية والفروع على المحور والفروع السنوية مع قياس أطوال كل منها، كما قيست الطرود المحددة على الأشجار أسبوعياً.
بينت نتائج الدراسة أن تلك القياسات كانت متباينة خلال أعوام الدراسة، كما تباينت بين الصنفين. أما المسافات المحددة للأشجار (3.80 × 1.85م) فكانت ضيقة نسبياً، والأنسب منها هي (3.80×2م) للصنف الأول و (3.90×2.10م) للصنف الثاني. أما الإنتاج فرغم اختلافه من عام لآخر وبين الصنفين، إلا أن متوسطه السنوي عندهما كان متقارباً 2.10 و 2 طن/دونم، وهو إنتاج ضعيف نسبياً في هذا النظام من الزراعة.
The study was carried out during 1999, 2000 and 2001 seasons on 17 year-old trees of Golden delicious and Starking delicious varieties budded on Balady sucker varieties. Vegetative growth which included height of trees, diameter of trunk and crown, numbers of main branches and average shoot growth every year; and twigs measurement was also investigated weekly. The results could be summarized along the following points: (a) There are significant variations in the measurement throughout the years of this study, and between the two varieties. (b)concerning the distances between the trees 3.80 x 1.85 m, they were generally narrow; they should be 3.80 x 2 m. for the first variety and 3.90 x 2.10M for the second one. (c) Though production varies from one year to another and between the two varieties, the average yield was between 20.0 – 21.0 tons /h. This yield is relatively poor in this planting system.
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