دراسة قوة الهجين والقدرة على الائتلاف في بعض هجن الذرة الصفراء
Abstract
نُفذت هذه الدراسة في مركز بحوث حمص خلال الموسمين 2008 و2009 بهدف دراسة قوة الهجين والقدرة على الائتلاف في مجموعة من الهجن الفردية ناتجة عن التهجين نصف التبادلي بين ثماني سلالات مرباة داخلياً من الذرة الصفراء، دونت البيانات على صفات طول العرنوس، قطر العرنوس، عدد الصفوف بالعرنوس, عدد الحبوب بالصف, وزن 100 حبة، الغلة الحبية طن/هكتار. حللت البيانات إحصائياً حسب الطريقة الرابعة للعالم Griffing، 1956 الموديل الأول وفيما يأتي أهم النتائج: كان التباين العائد لكل من الهجن والسلالات GCA، SCA عالي المعنوية في معظم الصفات المدروسة وكذلك مساهمة كل من الفعل الوراثي الإضافي وغير الإضافي في وراثة هذه الصفات. أظهر الهجينين (IL.256-06×IL.767-06) و(IL.136-06×IL.767-06) قوة هجين موجبة ومعنوية قياساً إلى هجين المقارنة المدخل سبيرو S-4-985. بينما أبدت معظم الهجن قوة هجين موجبة وعالية المعنوية قياساً بالهجين المحلي (باسل-1) لصفة الغلة الحبية. أظهرت النسبة (σ2GCA/σ2SCA) أهمية الفعل الوراثي الإضافي في وراثة كل الصفات ماعدا صفة طول العرنوس والغلة الحبية. تميزت السلالات
(IL.291-06), (IL.840-06) و(IL.767-06) بأفضل قدرة عامة على الائتلاف وأظهر الهجين
(IL.256-06×IL.767-06) قدرة خاصة جيدة على الائتلاف لصفة الغلة الحبية.
This study was conducted at Agricultural Research Center in Homs, during two seasons, 2008 & 2009, to study heterosis and the combining ability components of some single maize crosses obtained by half diallel cross among eight inbred lines. The data were recorded to evaluate ear length (cm), ear diameter (cm), number of rows per ear, number of kernels per ear, 100- kernel weight and grain yield (ton/h). The data were analyzed according to a procedure developed by Griffing (1956). Method4, model1.The results showed that the Inbred lines, crosses, GCA and SCA mean square were highly significant for most traits. The hybrids (IL.256-06×IL.767-06) ,)IL.136-06×IL.767-06) were showed positive and heterosis relative to check variety. The ratio σ2GCA /σ2SCA were indicating that additive gene action was more important than non-additive gene action in controlling these traits, except ear length and grain yield. GCA, SCA effects showed that the inbred lines (IL.291-06 ), (IL.840-06) and (IL.767-06), and cross )IL.256-06 × IL.767-06( were good combiners for grain yield.
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