دراسة الشذوذات الصبغية في إناث وذكور الماعز الشامي في محطة بحوث حميمة
Abstract
يتضمن البحث الذي أجري خلال عامي 2009-2010 في مخبر مركز البحوث العلمية الزراعية بحلب التابع للهيئة العامة للبحوث العلمية الزراعية دراسة وراثية خلوية لليمفاويات الدم المحيطي لعدد من الإناث التي لم تلد من قبل وذكور التلقيح وعددها 10 و 14 على الترتيب وبعمر 2-6 سنوات وهي عائدة لمحطة حميمة لتحسين الماعز الشامي وتتمتع بمظهر طبيعي. ولقد اعتمدت طريقة الاستشراط التربسيني والتلوين بجيمسا G-banding. وتم أخذ 5-10 صور فوتوغرافية للوحات الاستوائية لكل رأس ودراستها للبحث عن شذوذات عددية وبنيانية. أظهرت النتائج شذوذات صبغية لدى 3 عنـزات شامية وتضمنت: زيادة في العدد الصبغي Aneuploidy لدى عنـزة واحدة، والتحاماً مركزياً Centric fusion (ازفاءً روبرتسونياً Robertsonian Translocation) لدى عنـزتين، وإصابة ثلاثة ذكور بشذوذات صبغية تضمنت حالة ازفاء روبرتسوني، وتفاوت العدد الصبغي Ploidal variation مع انخفاض شديد في أعداد الصبغيات Hypoploidy في بعض اللوحات الاستوائية لدى تيس آخر. كما لوحظت لدى تيس ثالث لوحات استوائية حول الصيغة الصبغية السوية Peridiploidy مع كسورGaps Breaks & أو نقاط تبادل بين شقي الكروماتيدين المتآخين. مما يشير إلى ضرورة اختبار الصيغة الصبغية لحالات العقم التي لا تستجيب لفرص العلاج الهرمونية، وكذلك لذكور التلقيح التناسلي.
The present paper provides a cytogenetic study conducted, in 2009/2010 in Aleppo Scientific Agriculture Research Center /commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, on ten nulliparus normal morphologically Shami goats and fourteen bucks aged 2 to six year belonging to Humeimeh research station. The karyotypes were made in Lymphocytes of peripheral blood according to a routine G-banding. The metaphasic plates were photographed with X 100 objective of a microscope connected to a camera to observe numerical and structural aberrations. The results showed that there were chromosomal aberrations in three goats (30%) consisted of Aneuploidy in several plates in one case, two centric fusion in tow cases. Concerning bucks there were centric fusion in one buck, Ploidal variation with considerable hypoploidy in some metaphase plates in another one, and Peridiploidy with breaks or gaps or sister chromatid exchanges in third one. This result refers to the importance of performing karyotyping test in sterile goats and also in males.
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