قطاع الطاقة في الاقتصاد الروسي (الواقع والتحديات)
Abstract
The power sector considered as central to Russians national economy income , also it considered the foundation of economic revival which had faced Russia during the first decade of the twenty-one Century .
Russia provides ( through power sector ) a sufficient financial return to boost its economic growth . Moreover , it ensures its independence of the Russian external decisions and the influence ability , holding an active role at the international and regional levels . this sector contributes about 20 percent of Russian domestic income .
In addition to that , the feedback of Russian commodity exports of oil and gas is about 70 percent of total Russian exports revenues . In addition , this sector contributes about 50 percent of the revenues of the Russian federal budget . Which has made the Russian economy very vulnerable to the impact of fluctuations in the prices of power resources in the world . it has a major effect not only at Russian economy , but also at its international politics and status of Russian federation generally , because the basis of Russian political advancement in the world depends on the huge returns coming from investment in the power sector .
يعد قطاع الطاقة محوراً ومرتكزاً في الاقتصاد القومي الروسي، وعماد النهضة الاقتصادية التي شهدتها روسيا خلال العقد الأول من القرن الحادي والعشرين. حيث توفر روسيا، من خلال هذا القطاع، عوائد تكفي لتعزيز نموها الاقتصادي، وتضمن به أيضاً استقلالية قرارها الخارجي وقدرته على التأثير، وممارسة دور فاعل على الصعيدين الدولي والإقليمي. إذ أن هذا القطاع يسهم بنحو 20% من الناتج المحلي الإجمالي الروسي، كما تشكل عوائد الصادرات السلعية الروسية من النفط والغاز حوالي 70% من إجمالي عائدات الصادرات الروسية. إضافة إلى ذلك يسهم هذا القطاع بنحو 50٪ من إيرادات الموازنة الاتحادية الروسية. الأمر الذي جعل الاقتصاد الروسي معرض بشدة للتأثر بتقلبات أسعار موارد الطاقة في الأسواق العالمية. الأمر الذي سيكون له عميق الأثر ليس فقط في الاقتصاد الروسي، بل في السياسة الخارجية والمكانة الدولية لروسيا الاتحادية في العالم بشكل عام، لأن أساس النهوض الروسي السياسي في العالم اعتمد على العائدات الضخمة القادمة من الاستثمار في قطاع الطاقة.
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