تغيرات أسعار النفط العربي وعوائده
Abstract
خضعت أسعار النفط إلى تقلبات حادة ومفاجئة منذ اكتشاف النفط وحتى يومنا هذا وكان ذلك نتيجة مجموعة من العوامل والمؤثرات التي ساهمت بشكل أو بآخر في تغير الأسعار وتقلبها ومن هذه العوامل ( العلاقة بين العرض والطلب والعوامل السياسية والمناخية......وغيرها ) وبالنظر إلى اقتصاديات الدول النامية – وخاصة الدول العربية – المنتجة للنفط قائمة على تصدير سلعة منفردة وهي النفط ، نجد أن تقلبات الأسعار تقود إلى أضرار بعيدة المدى لهذه البلدان نظراً لكون النفط وعوائده المالية يشكلان المورد الأساسي لتمويل عمليات التنمية الاقتصادية داخل هذه البلدان وتمويل الاستثمار في المجال النفطي وتطوير ما هو قائم فيه وإدخال التقنيات والتكنولوجيا الحديثة إليه بهدف توسيع طاقاته الإنتاجية لتواكب متطلبات التنمية ، فضلاً عن توفير التمويل اللازم للاستثمار في المراحل اللاحقة للإنتاج النفطي كالنقل والتكرير والتوزيع.
The prices of oil have faced critical and sudden fluctuations since the discovery of oil a result of a number of factors that contributed in one way or another to the changes and fluctuation of these prices. One of these factors is the relationship between supply and demand as well as the political and environmental factors, etc. taking into consideration that the economics of the developing countries that produce oil is based on exporting one single product that is oil. The fluctuation of prices leads to long-run damages to these countries because oil and its financial income finance the economic development of those countries. It is also the main source of getting modern technology in order to expand the productive power and provide the necessary funding in the coming stages of oil production like transportation, refining, and distribution.
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