نظم الأسطح الخضراء واقع التجارب في المدن الغربية وآفاق تطبيقها في المدن السورية
Abstract
إن تفاقم مشكلات التلوث البيئي والبصري والسمعي الذي تعاني منه مدننا بسبب التوسع العمراني المستمر لهذه المدن يتطلب وجود نسب كبيرة من المساحات الخضراء الأمر الذي أصبح من ضرورات المدن الحديثة، حيث تصبح المشكلة أكبر عندما تتحول المدن بعد عشرات السنين من التوسع دون وجود سياسات تخطيطية تراعي وجود المناطق الخضراء بنسب مقبولة إلى غابة اسمنتية بنسب كربون مرتفعة جداً ودرجات حرارة عالية تفوق المعدلات المسموحة. وبالنظر إلى التكلفة العالية جداً لإعادة توزيع المناطق الخضراء داخل المدن وزيادة مساحاتها تصبح الأسطح الخضراء الحل الأمثل والأقل كلفة والأسهل تقنياً للاقتراب من نسب المساحات الخضراء المقبولة. يستعرض البحث مفهوم الأسطح الخضراء وتطبيقاتها وفوائدها المتعددة: البيئية، الاقتصادية، الاجتماعية والجمالية؛ ومن جهة أخرى يتناول بالتحليل عدداً من تطبيقات الأسطح الخضراء في مدن غربية شملت أسطح المباني السكنية والعامة على السواء، ويستخلص مجموعة من الأفكار التي يمكن تطبيقها في المدن السورية بما يتناسب مع واقع وظروف هذه المدن. The availability of appropriately sized green spaces within cities has become a necessity. Persistent urban expansion together with the aggravating problems of environmental, visual and noise pollution are behind this. If planning policies ignore allocating adequate green regions, modern cities will even turn into a concrete jungle after decades of expansion. The thing, which results in a very high rate of carbon and very high temperature exceeding the limits. Green roofs emerge as the most suitable, the least expensive and technically the easiest solution to adapt green spaces because of the extremely expensive cost of redistributing or enlarging green spaces inside cities. This research inspects the concept of green roofs tackling its applications and various benefits, the environmental, economic, social and aesthetic ones. The research case studies some green roofs’ implementations in western cities on both public and private buildings. At the end, the research derives some propositions possible to apply to the Syrian cities under the surrounding conditions.Downloads
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