بناء نموذج للتنبؤ بالهطل المطري الشهري في محطة صلنفة الواقعة في القسم الشمالي من حوض الساحل السوري
Abstract
Water has become a major concern for many countries in the world that suffer or began suffering a water shortage, making it a dangerous vitality problem, and has become one of the most important issues that may face the world, and may cause future wars, thus the countries need to sign an agreements which organize the equitable distribution of the water.Hence the importance of the research in forecasting the rainfall in the Slonfe station, and for achieving this goal, the time series data for the average monthly rainfall precipitation has been used in Slonfe station, which located in the province of Lattakia on longitude 36 ° 11 ' and latitude 35 ° 35', for the period between 1980-2010, The methodology of "Box – Jenkins" has been usedin the study, which relies on finding future forecasts from original data series.Also, the applications “MINITAB, EXCEL” have been used in mathematical model and the study results.As a result, the study found that rainfall value in the 'Slonfe station' decreasing, this decline amounted to 0.0473 mm per month during the monitoring period, and build the appropriate (SARIMA) model for the series after passing the various statistical required tests, and founded that SARIMA(5,2,0)(4,2,0) seasonal model is a good representation of the data and the SARIMA(3,0,3)(1,0,0) seasonal model is the suitable model to forecast the future monthly rainfall.أصبحت المياه الشغل الشاغل للكثير من دول العالم التي تعاني أو بدأت تعاني من نقص في المياه مما جعلها مشكلة حيوية خطيرة، وأصبحت من أهم القضايا التي قد تواجه استمرار الأمم، والتي تُخاض لأجلها الحروب، وتعقد الاتفاقيات التي تنظم التوزيع العادل لهذه المياه.
من هنا أتت أهمية البحث في التنبؤ بالهطل المطري في محطة صلنفة، ولتحقيق هذا الهدف استُخدمت بيانات السلسلة الزمنية لمعدل الهطل المطري الشهري في محطة صلنفة الواقعة في محافظة اللاذقية على خط الطول36°11' وخط العرض 35°35'للفترة بين عامي1980-2010، وقد استُخدمت في الدراسة منهجية بوكس–جنكنز التي تعتمد على إيجاد التنبؤات المستقبلية لسلسلة البيانات الأصلية. كما تم استخدام البرامج Minitab وExcel في إجراء عملية النمذجة الرياضية وإعداد نتائج الدراسة.
توصلت الدراسة إلى أن الهطل المطري في محطة صلنفة متناقص وقد بلغ هذا التناقص 0,0473 ملم في الشهر خلال فترة الرصد، كما توصلت إلى بناء نموذج (SARIMA) المناسب للسلسلة بعد أن اجتاز مختلف الاختبارات الإحصائية المطلوبة، وكان النموذج الموسميSARIMA(5,2,0) (4,2,0) هو النموذج المناسب لتمثيل البيانات والنموذج الموسميSARIMA(3,0,3) (1,0,0) هو النموذج المناسب للتنبؤ بالهطول المطري الشهري المستقبلي.
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