دراسة عيوب وتصدعات بعض المنشآت المائية (الأقنية) في حوض الفرات
Abstract
تولي كثيرٌ من دول العالم أهمية كبيرة للمنشآت المائية، لما تلعبه من دورٍ كبيرٍ في استصلاح الأراضي الزراعية، ومن جهة تحقيق الأمن الغذائي لهذه الدول.
إن المراقبة الدورية للمنشآت المائيـة، للتأكد من سلامتها، ووضع الحلول المناسبة لترميمها في حال حدوث عيوبٍ فيها، يسهم في الاستثمار الأمثل لهذه المنشآت.
يعبر نهر الفرات الجمهورية العربية السورية في جزئها الشمالي الشرقي. وقد تم استصلاح الكثير من الأراضي في تلك المنطقة من خلال تشييد مئات كيلو المترات من أقنية الري، والمنشآت الصناعية التابعة لها
( محطات ضخ ).
من أجل رصد حالة هذه المنشآت، ومعرفة أشكال العيوب التي تعاني منها، قمنا بزيارةٍ ميدانية إلى موقع مشروع أقنية الري في القطاع السابع من حوض الفرات الأدنى, تمَّ من خلالها الكشف على كلِّ المنشآت المشادة، وخاصة الأقنية. وتم تحديد أشكال العيوب والتصدعات، بالإضافة إلى معرفة أسبابها، من خلال إجراء مجموعة من الاختبارات، وتحليل نتائجها بدقة. وتطرقنا في دراستنا إلى طرق معالجة هذه العيوب. كما قمنا بوضع التوصيات العلمية اللازمة للإقلال أو منع حدوث مثل هذه العيوب في المستقبل.
Hydraulic structures have a great importance in many countries around the world, because of their role in the usage of lands for agriculture, which in turn secures a safe nutrition system in these countries. Frequent observation of hydraulic structures to ensure their safety and determine the suitable solutions for restoration in case of defects contributes a lot to the best utilization of these structures.
Euphrates river crosses the north – east part of the Syrian Arab Republic, where lot of land was restored by building hundreds of kilometers of irrigation canals, and industrial buildings related to them (Siphon , Pumping Stations).
To examine the situation of these structures and recognize all kinds of defects which affect these hydraulic structures, we visited the site of the project of irrigation canals in the seventh section of the Euphrates. We inspected all structures, particularly canals. We identified the types of defects and cracks as well as their causes, performing a set of tests and accurate analyses of the results. At the end, the study provides some scientific recommendations to prevent such defects happening again.
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