تقييم الموازنة المائية لبحيرة سد الثورة
Abstract
بني سد الثورة على نهر الصنوبر في الجزء الشمالي الشرقي من محافظة اللاذقية في الجمهورية العربية السورية وهو عبارة عن سد ركامي بنواة غضارية وثلاث طبقات من الفلاتر الإنتقالية، يبلغ التخزين التصميمي للسد 97.88 مليون متر مكعب،وضع في الإستثمار الفعلي عام 1997، تم إنشاء منظومة الري خلال الفترة 1989-1995، وتبلغ مساحة الأراضي المروية من شبكة السد 7961 هكتار ولهذا السبب تلعب الموازنة المائية لبحيرة السد أهمية كبيرة في المنطقة وكذلك تحديد سنوات العجز و الفائض خلال الفترة 2004/2005-2008/2009. وبينت الدراسة أن عامل الجريان السطحي لحوض السد 0.146 ولحوض ديفة 0.132 ، وأن القيم العليا للتسرب تركزت في الكتف الأيسر من جسم السد وشكلت حوالي 78% من كمية المياه المتسربة الإجمالية من جسم السد و الأساس، ومن خلال تطبيق معادلة الموازنة المائية وجدنا أن السد يتعرض لعجز مائي بلغ أعظم قيمة له 18.5MCMفي العام 2006/2007 ناتج بشكل أساسي عن قلة الهطولات المطرية الفعالة.
AL-THAWRA dam on AL-SANOUBAR river, located on the eastern northern of LATTAKIA, SYRIA, is an embankment, the design storage capacity is 97.88 MCM, it was put into use in 1997, the irrigation network was constructed between 1989-1995, which provides water to 7961 hac, and for this particular reason the water balance of the dam lake gets its major importance, besides specifying the years of deficit and surplus during 2004/2005 – 2008/2009.
The study showed that the surface runoff factor of the dam catchment is 0.146, and for DEFEH catchment is 0.132, the highest seepage values is found on the left shoulder of the dam, and it compose 78% of the total seepage value, also, using the water balance equation, the study showed that the dam is in a water deficit state, which reached its highest value in 2006/2007, and the main cause of this deficit is the lack of effective rainfall.
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