تأثير تعقيم التربة بالفورمالين والتشميس في فطور التربة في البيوت المحمية
Abstract
هدفت الدراسة إلى تقويم فعالية ثلاث طرائق لتعقيم التربة في مكافحة بعض الفطور الممرضة للنبات في البيوت المحمية شملت: التعقيم الكيميائي بالفورمالين و التعقيم الشمسي + التسميد العضوي و التعقيم الشمسي, وعند أعماق 0 - 5, 5 - 10 , 10-15 و15- 20 سم .
أظهرت النتائج فعالية معاملات التعقيم في مكافحة الفطور Fusarium spp.و Alternaria spp..
و Verticillum spp. و Sclerotium spp. بالمقارنة مع الشاهد, إذ أمكن مكافحة الفطر Verticillum spp. بنسبة 100 % حتى عمق 20 سم عند متوسط درجات حرارة 43.72 – 37.90ºس في معاملات التعقيم, والقضاء على 97.25)% و % 92.86 و94.43 %) من أعداد الوحدات التكاثرية للأجناس Fusarium spp., Alternaria spp., Sclerotium spp. على التوالي, عند متوسط درجات حرارة بين (51.59–54.01 )ºس
و % 98.38) و 93.92% و95% ) عند متوسط درجات حرارة بين (53.15 –(54.71ºس عند عمق 0 - 5سم عند التعقيم بالتشميس والتعقيم الشمسي مع التسميد على التوالي. كما تم القضاء على 100% من أعداد الوحدات التكاثرية للأجناس Fusarium spp. Alternaria spp. وVerticillum spp. و 94.43% من أعداد الجنس Sclerotium spp. عند عمق 0- 5 سم لدى تعقيم التربة بالفورمالين وانخفضت هذه النسب بزيادة العمق في جميع معاملات التعقيم .
The study was carried out to comparison between of of three controlling treetments, of soil-borne fungi in greenhouses. The treetments were as follows: An treeted control, Formalin 3%, soil Solarization + animal manur and solarization for 50 days, and 0 , 5, 10 ,15 and 20 cm depth. Results showed significant differences between the control and disinfection treetments in reduction the total number of fungal propagules of pathogenic fungi: Fusarium spp., Alternaria spp. , Verticillum spp. , Sclerotium spp. At the four deapth, and the results showed that : 100% reduction at 20 cm in the number of Verticillum spp. at the average of soil temperature between 37.90 - 43.72°c, and (97.25%, 92.86%, 94.43 %) of Fusarium spp. , Alternaria spp., Sclerotium spp. respectevily at the average of soil temperature 51.59 -54.1°c and (98.38%, 93.92%, 95% ) at the average of soil temperature 53.15-54.71°c, in solarized soi land solarized soil+ animal manur treetment at 0-5cm deapth. The chemical control resulted 100 % reduction in the number of Fusarium spp. , Alternaria spp., Verticillum spp. and 94.43% of Sclerotium spp. at the deapth 0-5 cm in all treetments, and this reductions dicreased with increasing deapth.
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