تأثير مستويات مختلفة من التسميد العضوي في نمو و إنتاجية البطاطا الصنف مارفونا Solanum tuberosum L.))
Abstract
نفذ البحث في مشتل جامعة تشرين في مدينة اللاذقية في عروة ربيعية مبكرة للموسم الزراعي 2005, حيث جرت دراسة كمية الإنتاج, وعدد الدرنات المتشكلة على النبات ومساحة و دليل المسطح الورقي و كفاءته التمثيلية في نبات البطاطا ( الصنف مارفونا تحت تأئير ثلاثة أنواع من السماد العضوي: روث أبقار – روث أغنام – مزيج من روث الأبقار و الأغنام بنسبة 1:1 وزناً, و عند ثلاثة مستويات من الآزوت العضوي لكل نوع
(8 - 16 - 24 غ/م2) مقارنة بكل من الشاهد ( معاملة بدون تسميد ) والمعادلة السمادية الشائعة الاستعمال بين مزارعي البطاطا في المنطقة ( سماد بقري + سماد معدني NPK) .
أظهرت النتائج زيادة في مساحة ودليل المسطح الورقي وكفاءته التمثيلية بإضافة سماد عضوي بقري أو مزيج من سماد الأبقار و الأغنام بنسبة 1:1 وزناً و بمستوى 24 غ/م2 آزوت عضوي, بعد 78 يوماً من الزراعة.
كذلك الأمر بالنسبة لطول الساق و عدد السوق المتشكلة على النبات, أما كمية الإنتاج و نسبة الدرنات القياسية وعدد الدرنات على النبات فقد زادت بزيادة معدلات التسميد مقارنة مع الشاهد, وتفوقت المعاملات التي احتوت 24 غ/م2 آزوت عضوي من جميع أنواع السماد بدلالة إحصائية عالية على باقي المعاملات بالنسبة لكمية الإنتاج.
This study was carried out in the nursery of Tishreen University in Lattakia in the early spring period in 2005. The effect of organic manure on potato (Solanum tuberosum, cv Marfona) production, number of tubers/plant, foliage area, leaf area index, and photosynthetic efficiency in potato (variety Marfona) were studied in three kinds of organic manure (cow, sheep and mixed manure cow and sheep 1:1 w/w) with three levels of organic nitrogen for each one (8,16,24g/m2organic nitrogen). These were compared with control (without manure), and the common fertilization treatment applied by the potato farmers (cow manure + inorganic fertilization NPK). The results showed an increase in foliage area, leaf area index and its synthetic capacity by adding cow manure or mixed manure at 24g /m2 organic nitrogen level after 78 days of cultivation.
The same case was observed in the stem height and the number of stems/plant. The quantity of production and the percent of standard tubers and the number of tubers- plant increased by raising the fertilization rates in comparison with control.
Treatments with 24g/m2 organic nitrogen of the three kinds of manure increased the production with high significant differences in comparison with other treatments.
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