تقييم شدة وتكرارية الجفاف في المنطقة الشمالية الشرقية من سورية باستخدام مؤشر الهطل القياسي SPI
Abstract
أجريت دراسة الجفاف في الحسكة والقامشلي وتل أبيض خلال الفترة 1965-2006، باستخدام مؤشر الجفاف SPI على المستويات السنوية والفصلية والشهرية، وتم تحديد نسبة تكرارية كل مستوى من شدة الجفاف في كل منطقة وعند مختلف المستويات الزمانية. على المستوى السنوي تكرر الجفاف الشديد بنسبة 2.44% في كل من الحسكة والقامشلي، وبنسبة 4.88% في تل أبيض، في حين تكرر الجفاف المتطرف بنسبة 4.88% في الحسكة، بنسبة 2.44% في كل من القامشلي وتل أبيض، أما على المستوى الفصلي فقد حدث الجفاف المتطرف في شتاء كل من الحسكة وتل أبيض بنسبة 2.44%، في حين لم يقع الجفاف الشديد في خريف المناطق الثلاثة، أخيراً وقع الجفاف الشهري الشديد بنسبة9.76% في كانون الأول في تل أبيض وتكرر بنفس النسبة في القامشلي خلال شهر شباط. أما في الحسكة فقد تكرر بنسبة7.32% في كانون الأول، بينما تكرر الجفاف المتطرف في الحسكة وتل أبيض خلال شباط وآذار وتشرين الثاني وفي القامشلي في كانون الأول بنسبة 4.88%.
Drought in Alhasaka, Alkamashly and Tal Abiad between 1965 – 2006 was studied by using drought index SPI on the annual, seasonal and monthly scales. frequency rates of drought intensity were determined. On annual scale intense drought frequented at the rate of 2.44% in Alhasaka, Alkamashly, 4.88% in Tal Abiad but extreme drought frequented at the rate of 4.88% in Alhasaka, 2.44% in Alkamashly and Tal Abiad, On seasonal scale extreme drought occurred in the winter of Alhasaka, Tal Abiad at the rate of 2.44%, but it did not happen in the autumn of three regions. Finally intense of monthly drought occurred at the rate of 9.76% during December in Tal Abiad and with the same rate in February in Alkamashly. In Alhasaka it was7.32% in December, Extreme drought frequented in Alhasaka, Tal Abiad during February, April ,November and in December in Alkamashly at the rate of 4.88%.
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