دراسة تغيرات بعض الخصائص الفيزيائية للتربة عند اتباع الحراثة المطرحية على أعماق مختلفة ونظام اللاحراثة وأثرهما على إنتاجية القمح البعل لموسمين متتاليين
Abstract
من خلال دراسة تغيرات الخصائص الفيزيائية للتربة عند معاملات مختلفة من الحراثة تبين أن فعل الحراثة في تعديل الكثافة الظاهرية للتربة وزيادة حجم السعة الهوائية لها زال تماماً بعد 3.5 أ شهر من الحراثة. واستمرت الكثافة الظاهرية بالزيادة وحجم المسامات الهوائية بالانخفاض بعد هذه الفترة بشكل خاص في منطقة أسفل الحراثة خاصة في الموسم الثاني.
وعند اتباع نظام اللاحراثة بقيت كثافة التربة وحجم المسامات الهوائية وحجم المسامات المتوسطة التي تحوي الماء القابل للامتصاص دون تغيرات معنوية خلال مراحل القياس المختلفة لنفس العمق المدروس.
كما بينت النتائج أن إنتاجية القمح خلال الموسم الأول لم تختلف معنوياً عند اتباع نظام اللاحراثة والحراثة على العمق 10 و20 سم بينما انخفضت بشكل معنوي عند الحراثة على عمق 30 سم، وانخفضت الإنتاجية معنويا خلال الموسم الثاني عند إتباع الحراثة على العمق 10و 20 سم بسبب تشكل طبقة طينية صماء (صلدة) أسفل منطقة الحراثة (منطقة انتشار المجموع الجذري)، وفي نفس الوقت لا يوجد اختلاف في الإنتاجية عند اتباع اللاحراثة والحراثة على عمق 30سم.
From studying the changes in physical characteristics of the soil after various tillage treatments, we have shown that the tillage action in adjusting soil, bulk density and increasing air capacity volume has stopped after 3.5 months of tillage .
Bulk density had increased and the volume of air pores decreased after this period below tillage area, especially during the second season.
After following the system of non tillage, the soil density, air pores volume and the medium pores carrying absorbent water did not change significantly during various measurement stages at the same studied depth.
The results have also shown that wheat productivity during the first season did not change significantly after following non tillage system and tillage on 10 and 20 cm depth, but decreased significantly after following tillage on 30 cm .
During the second season, the productivity decreased significantly after following tillage on 10 and 20 cm depth due to formation a clay pan layer below tillage area ( the area of root distribution ) at the same time the productivity did not differ between tillage at 30 cm and non tillage .
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