مراقبة درجة الحرارة الأعظمية في محولة استطاعة ذات تبريد طبيعي
Abstract
Calculation of Hot-Spot temperature in power transformers is one of the current and important research topics. Although this issue has been processed and marketed in industry for years, it is still a research subject. There are still physical models developed for calculation of the Hot-Spot temperature, depending on the cooling system.
The most common standards in practice are (IEC60076-7, IEC 354, IEEE C571-91). The latest one is IEC60076-7. However, this is still used by some manufactures, as is the IEEE C571-91 by American manufactures.
This article deals with the calculation of Hot-Spot temperature in power transformers according to the abovementioned standards and to the thermal equivalent circuit too. Based on realistic measurements were carried out by means of a measurement device, which is designed and implemented for this purpose, on a 230/66 kV Chinese transformer, which was recently delivered and in a substation in the Syrian electrical network installed.
يعد موضوع حساب درجة الحرارة الأعظمية (Hot-Spot Temperature) في محولات القدرة الكهربائية على درجة عالية من الأهمية والمعاصرة. وعلى الرغم من تبنيه من قبل الشركات الصانعة للمحولات وتسويقه ما يزال موضوعاً بحثياً بامتياز, إذ يجري باستمرار تطوير نماذج فيزيائية لحساب درجة الحرارة الأعظمية للمحولات تبعاً لنوع نظام التبريد المستخدم.
عملياً فرضت نفسها ثلاث مواصفات قياسية دولية IEEE C57-91, IEC 60076-7وIEC 354, يعد أحدثها المواصفة IEC 60076-7 إلا أن المواصفة الأقدم IEC 345 ماتزال تستخدم بالإضافة الى المواصفة IEEE C57-91 المعتمدة لدى الشركات الأميركية المصنعة للمحولات.
تتناول هذه المقالة موضوع حساب درجة الحرارة الأعظمية في محولات القدرة الكهربائية وفق المواصفات السابقة الذكر وأيضاً وفق نموذج الدارة الحرارية المكافئة للمحولة استناداً إلى قياسات عملية جرى أخذها باستخدام جهاز قياس صمم ونفذ لهذه الغاية, وقد أجريت هذه القياسات على محولة 230/66 kV من صناعة شركة صينية جرى توريدها وتركيبها حديثا في إحدى محطات التحويل في الشبكة السورية.
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