حساب الخطأ الناتج عن اللاتجانس في تقنية قياس التدفق بزمن وصول النبضة فوق الصوتية
Abstract
تعتبر تقنية قياس التدفق باستخدام الأمواج فوق الصوتية تقنية واعدة جدا, و على كونها مطبقة بالفعل، فإنّها لا تزال غير مرضية في الظروف غير المثالية للتدفق. تقسم تقنيات القياس باستخدام الأمواج فوق الصوتية إلى صنفين أسايين هما: القياس باستخدام زمن وصول النبضة و القياس باستخدام انزياح دوبلر. تعتمد كل من هاتين الطريقتين على عدة منهجيات في قياس المقدار الفيزيائي. نناقش في هذه المقالة طريقة القياس باستخدام زمن وصول النبضة و ندرس عدم الدقة الذي ينشأ نتيجة التوزع غير المنتظم للتدفق . نقدم في الجزء الأول من هذه المقالة المعادلات الفيزيائية التي تصف تقنية القياس , ثم نناقش بطريقة رياضية مثالا توضيحيا لحالة ابتدائية, و بعدها نستخدم برنامجا بني بواسطة Matlab للحصول على منحنيات تبين تأثير الأشكال المختلفة للتدفق على دقة القياس. كما نناقش الحالة التي يكون فيها أكثر من سرعة للصوت، و حالة وجود فقاعات غازية أو دوامات.
Flow measurement technology using ultrasonic waves is very promising. Although this technology is already in use, it still demonstrates a rather lousy performance in non-ideal situations. The measurement techniques using this technology can be classified into two major categories: Pulse arrival time and Doppler shift. Each of these two major techniques can be subdivided into several methods in terms of measuring the physical parameter. In this paper, we discuss the technique of pulse arrival time and the inaccuracy caused by flow inequalities. We first furnish the mathematical equations, discuss an example, and then make use of a program built by Matlab to obtain curves that illustrate the effect of various flow possibilities on accuracy. Then we turn to discuss the case when there is more than one speed of sound, gas bubble, or whirl .
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