ناطحات السحاب كظاهرة عالمية واقع التجربة الخليجية وآفاق العمارة العالية في سورية
Abstract
منذ ظهور الحضارات القديمة الفرعونية والسومرية والأكادية والبابلية والآشورية، سعى الإنسان بشكلٍ غريزي لتشييد مبانٍ عالية لأغراض دفاعية أو دينية ... ومنذ بداية القرن العشرين شكلت الرغبة في الارتفاع وبناء أطول ناطحة سحاب في العالم أحد مجالات المنافسة بين الدول والشركات العقارية. وفي بداية التسعينيات بدأ السباق بين دول الخليج العربي والصين على لقب أعلى ناطحة سحاب في العالم، في حين انحسر دور كُلٍّ من "شيكاغو" و"نيويورك". وشهد الرابع من كانون الثاني 2010م، تبدلاً في لوائح المباني الشاهقة على مستوى العالم مع انتهاء الأعمال الإنشائية لبرج دبي، الذي اخترق سماء الإمارات. والسؤال الذي يطرح نفسه اليوم: إلى أين يريد أن يصل معماريو القرن الحادي والعشرين؟
تهدف الدراسة الحالية إلى طرح مفهوم شمولي للمباني العالية، وإجراء مراجعة دقيقة لظاهرة المباني العالية التي بدأت تنتشر بشكل سريع في كبرى مدن العالم العربي، في سبيل رسم الخطوط الأولى للسياسات إنشاء المباني العالية في سورية، من خلال وضع المعايير العامة والضوابط الإرشادية للحفاظ على خصوصية مدننا وهويتها العمرانية، بعد استعراض واقع التجربة الخليجية واستخلاص الدروس المستفادة.
Since the emergence of ancient civilizations man has instinctively sought for the construction of high-rise buildings for either defensive or religious purposes, so man built the pyramids in ancient Egypt and the first high-rise buildings in the desert of Yemen. Since the beginning of the twentieth century, the desire to rise and build the tallest skyscraper in the world formed one area of competition between states. Since the beginning of the 21th, the race started between the Arab Gulf states and China over the title of the tallest skyscraper in the world. The question today is: what other horizons do the twenty first century architects want to reach?
From what is mentioned above, the objectives of the current study is to put forth a holistic understanding of the high-rise buildings and to carry out a thorough review of that phenomenon which is spreading rapidly in the major cities of the Arab world. This will enable us to draw the policies for high-rise buildings in Syria through the development of standards and guidelines after reviewing the Gulf experience.
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