دراسة سريرية وإحصائية لمتلازمة العين الجافة عند الكهول
Abstract
شملت الدراسة 600 مريض أعمارهم ≥ 40 سنة راجعوا العيادة العينية في مشفى الأسد الجامعي في اللاذقية بشكاوى مختلفة خلال عام واحد (2004 – 2005)، تم استجوابهم حول وجود أعراض جفاف العين وجفاف الفم وأجريت ثلاثة اختبارات تشخيصية خاصة بجفاف العين هي زمن تحطم فلم الدمع والتلوين بوردية البنغال واختبار شيرمر مع التخدير بهدف إجراء دراسة مقارنة للأعراض والعلامات السريرية والاختبارات التشخيصية, وتحديد شيوع متلازمة العين الجافة في هذه الفئة العمرية وتوزع الحالات حسب العمر والجنس والعوامل المرافقة لها وشيوع كل من النمطين الرئيسيين لجفاف العين (نقص الإفراز المائي وفرط التبخر)، فكانت أهم النتائج التالية:
بلغت نسبة المرضى العرضيين 23.33 %, في حين كانت العلامات السريرية إيجابية عند 14.83 % من المرضى, وأُثبت التشخيص بالاختبارات الخاصة لدى 19.66 %، وازداد شيوع الحالة مع تقدم العمر وعند النساء، كما تساوت نسبة جفاف العين بنقص الإفراز مع نسبة جفاف العين بفرط التبخر، وأكثر العوامل التي ترافقت مع جفاف العين هي بالترتيب: خلل وظيفة غدد ميبوميوس ثم الداء السكري ثم الاستخدام المديد للأدوية العينية الموضعية ثم الأدوية الجهازية ثم نقص إنتاج الدمع المائي الأساسي المرتبط بتقدم العمر.
This study was carried on 600 patients aged 40 years and older randomly recruited from the out-patients eye clinic at Al-Assad Hospital one year (2004 – 2005). Patients with different complaints were screened for the presence of dry eye symptoms and dry mouth. They were subjected to three dry eye diagnostic tests (BUT: Tear film Break Up Time, Rose Bengal staining and Schirmer’s test). The aim was to perform a comparative study of symptoms and signs and diagnostic tests; to describe the prevalence of dry eye in the previously determined ages; to examine the distribution of the diagnosed cases according to age and sex and their associated factors; and to determine the prevalence of the dry eye subtypes.
Results showed that 23.33% of the overall subjects reported symptoms of dry eye, but only 14.83 % had clinical signs. Special tests confirmed it in 19.66 %, and its prevalence increased with advanced age among females, but the prevalence of evaporative and hyposecretive dry was equal. The most common associated factors were (respectively): Meibomian glandsdysfunction, diabetes mellitus, prolonged use of topical eye drops, systemic drugs and primary aqueous tear deficiency related to advanced age.
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