مناهج التأليف الأدبي في القرن الثالث الهجري

Authors

  • يوسف زردة
  • هيفاء ديوب

Abstract

يسلّط البحث الضوء على منهجين رئيسين تتوزّعهما أبرز المؤلّفات الأدبيّة في القرن الثالث الهجري, أوّلهما:  منهج الاستطراد القائم على الانتقال العفوي بالقارئ من موضوع إلى آخر, ومن فكرةٍ إلى أخرى من دون رابط منطقيّ, بما في كلّ هذا من إيحاءٍ بالاضطراب , وعدم المنهجيّة , وما يخفي وراءه من دلالاتٍ ونيّاتٍ وآراءٍ قد لا يكون ممكناً التصريح بها , وخير من يمثّل هذا المنهج الجاحظ ت 255هـ الذي يعدّ بحقّ المؤسّس الحقيقي لأسلوب الاستطراد في كتابيه: ( الحيوان , والبيان والتبيين) .

وثانيهما: منهج التصنيف والتبويب القائم على ترتيب المفردات المعرفيّة المتجانسة , ووضعها ضمن بابٍ واحد تحت عنوان محدّد, ويعدّ ابن قتيبة ت276هـ في كتابه (عيون الأخبار ) أوّل من شقّ هذا الطريق من خلال تقسيمه كتابه إلى أبواب ينطوي كلّ منها على مجموعة من الأخبار المتجانسة – إلى حدّ ما – لأنّه لا يريد أن يخرج تماماً عن سنّة سار عليها سابقوه وهي الاستطراد, وكان عمله خطوةً رائدة في مجال التصنيف والتبويب, أمّا كتاب (الكامل) للمبرّد ت 285هـ فعلى الرّغم من تقسيمه إلى أبواب إلا أنّه لا يحمل من روح التصنيف شيئاً , وتقسيمه كان شكليّاً فقط .

This research highlights two main approaches that are used in the most distinguished literary books in the Hijri third century:

The first one is digression. This approach is based on the spontaneous transferring of the readers from a subject or idea to another without a logical connection. This approach may include a hint of confusion and a lack of methodicalness. It may also hide denotations, intentions and viewpoints that could not be made explicit. Al-Jahez (255 Hijri) is the most prominent representative of the approach in his two books (Al-Hayawan) and (Al-Bayan and Altabyeen), Al-Jahez is truly considered the real founder of digression.

The second one is the approach of categorization and classification that is based on arranging the cognitive, homogeneous vocabulary and putting them within one chapter with a specific title. In his book (Uyoun Al-akhbar), Ibn Qutaibah is considered the first to begin this method by dividing his book into categories. Each of these categories include a set of partly homogeneous news. This is because he does not want to completely break away from the tradition of digression used by his predecessors. Ibn Qutaibah's work  was a leading stage in the field of categorizing and classification. As for the book (Al–Kamel) by Al–Mubarred; in spite of dividing this book to chapters, it does not hold the essence of categorization, and the division was just formal.

Author Biographies

يوسف زردة

كليّة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانيّة – جامعة تشرين – اللاذقيّة – سوريّة .

هيفاء ديوب

كليّة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانيّة – جامعة تشرين – اللاذقيّة – سوريّة .

Downloads

Published

2013-02-10

How to Cite

زردة ي., & ديوب ه. (2013). مناهج التأليف الأدبي في القرن الثالث الهجري. Tishreen University Journal- Arts and Humanities Sciences Series, 35(1). Retrieved from https://journal.tishreen.edu.sy/index.php/humlitr/article/view/360

Issue

Vol. 35 No. 1 (2013): الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية

Section

Articles

License

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

journal uses a CC BY-NC-SA license which mean

The authors retain the copyright and grant the right to publish in the magazine for the first time with the transfer of the commercial right to the Tishreen University Journal- Arts and Humanities Sciences Series

 Under a CC BY- NC-SA 04 license that allows others to share the work with of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.Authors can use a copy of their articles in their scientific activity, and on their scientific websites, provided that the place of publication is indicted in Tishreen University Journal- Arts and Humanities Sciences Series.  The Readers have the right to send, print and subscribe to the initial version of the article, and the title of Tishreen University Journal- Arts and Humanities Sciences Series  Publisher

You are free to:

  • Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material
  •  
  • The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
 
  • Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
  • NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
  • ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
  • No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.