أصول النظرية السياقية الحديثة عند علماء العربية ودور هذه النظرية في التوصل إلى المعنى
Abstract
يلقي هذا البحث الضوء على أصول النظرية السياقية الحديثة عند علماء اللغة الغربيين ومن تبعهم من علماء العربية المحدثين ، ويبين أن علماء العربية لم يكونوا بعيدين عن إدراك وظيفة السياق ودلالته ، فقد استعان علماء القرآن الكريم والأصوليون بشقي السياق في فهم دلالة النصوص الشرعية ، كما ربط عبد القاهر الجرجاني فصاحة الكلمة بسياقها اللغوي والتركيب الذي قيلت فيه ، عند حديثه عن نظرية النظم ، وربط الكلام بمقام استعماله.
وأن الخليل وتلميذه سيبويه قد اعتمدا على السياق اللغوي في بيان معنى التركيب ودلالته ، واستعانا بطرق الأداء اللغوي المصاحبة للنطق بالعبارة ، كالوقف والنبر والتنغيم.
وأما اعتمادهم على سياق الحال فيتضح من استعانتهم بإرادة المتكلم والمخاطب في تعيين معنى التركيب، واهتمامهم بملابسات الحال في التوجيه النحوي ، والحكم على التركيب بالصحة أو الإحالة ، وتسويغ الحذف استناداً على دلالة الحركة الجسمية ، والحواس الخمس ، وباقي عناصر سياق الحال. وهكذا تلتقي تطبيقات الخليل وتلميذه سيبويه مع أحدث الاتجاهات اللغوية مع تباعد الزمن والشقة.
This paper highlights the origin of the use theory of western linguists and their followers of Modern Arab linguists. It shows that the Arab grammarians were not far away from understanding the role of context: the Quran interpreters depended on context to explain the meaning of verses, and when speaking about compositionality, Abdul Qaher aljurjani connected the clarity of the word with the context and the structure in which it is used. It also shows that al–khaleel and Sibawiyeh depend on the linguistic context to explicate the content and reference of expressions and extending it to explain sentence meaning. They depend on performance indices such as pause, stress and intonation. Their dependence on the context of situation is clear form their use of the speaker–hearer's intention to decide the utterance meaning, as well as their interest in the pragmatic ambiguity and judging an expression to be false or true, and allowing for deletion, depending on body gestures, the five senses and the rest of the contextual factors. Thus al–khaleel's and Sibawiyeh's applications meet with the linguistic, though they are further in time and space.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
journal uses a CC BY-NC-SA license which mean
The authors retain the copyright and grant the right to publish in the magazine for the first time with the transfer of the commercial right to the Tishreen University Journal- Arts and Humanities Sciences Series
Under a CC BY- NC-SA 04 license that allows others to share the work with of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.Authors can use a copy of their articles in their scientific activity, and on their scientific websites, provided that the place of publication is indicted in Tishreen University Journal- Arts and Humanities Sciences Series. The Readers have the right to send, print and subscribe to the initial version of the article, and the title of Tishreen University Journal- Arts and Humanities Sciences Series Publisher
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
- ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
