أصول الدلالة التركيبية في التمني والترجي
Abstract
التركيب الإسنادي المتعارف عليه ، هو التركيب المستقل بالفهم ، والفائدة ، فدلالته الأصلية تذكر لبيان معانيه في داخله ، وقد يبدل تركيب بآخر ليؤدي دلالة زائدة على معناه الأصلي ، فيتسع المعنى الأصلي، ليُكسى حلة جديدة، تفرز دلالة لا تتوفر في التركيب الأول ، كاستبدال ( لعلّ ) بـ ( ليت ) ، فتعتبر هذه التراكيب حرّة ، متحركة غير ثابتة ، تنتج دلالة جديدة ، دقيقة ، تحقق المراد من قول المتكلم ، بحيث لو غيّرت حرفاً ، أو أزحت كلمة ، ووضعت أخرى مكانها ، لتغير الكلام تركيباً ، ودلالة .
فمع أن تركيبي الترجّي والتّمني من التراكيب الهامة في الدرس اللغوي ، إلا أننا لم نجد العناية الفائقة بهما ، فحظي الأول ببضعة أسطر ، بينما الثاني بصفحة أو صفحتين .
ونظراً لذلك فقد أيقظ فينا البحث العلمي ضرورة إعطاء كل منهما النصيب الأوفر من البحث والدراسة ، محاولين ربط التركيب بالدلالة ، وتبيان العلاقة الوطيدة بينهما ، ليولد لدينا بحث متكامل ، مقتصرين على الدلالة الأصلية لكل تركيب ، دفعاً للإطالة ، ولإيفاء حق كل منهما .
The subject-predicate construction is that one which is independent in understanding and value, its original meaning is mentioned to show its internal sense. And one element might be changed by another to give extra meaning above and over it original one. Thus meaning is expanded to give a new sense not there in the original one, as in the case of replacing "la'alla' with "layta". These constructions are considered free, dynamic, not static, and they produce anew sense and a clear on that satisfies what the speaker intends to say. Though the construction of wishing and requesting are of importance in the linguistic literature, we do not find much explanation of them in grammar books. Therefore we found it necessary to give this topic a good deal of explanation, trying to connect the structure with meaning, and showing the dear relationship between them.
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