قراءة في معلّقة امرئ القيس
Abstract
البحث قراءة من القراءات المتعددة، التي توفّرت على معلّقة امرئ القيس؛ تتناولها بالتحليل، والتفسير، والتأويل. يؤكد البحث أن هذه القصيدة ما زالت تقبل قراءات جديدة جادّة؛ تحاذي القراءات التي سبقتها، وتوازيها، فتضيف إليها إضافات قد تكون قيّمة أو تغايرها في القصد، والتوجّه، وفي فهم المعنى الشعريّ وتوجيهه، وفي منهج الدرس وأدواته النقدية. ويقوم البحث على مقدّمة، ودراسة نصّيّة للقصيدة، وخاتمة تبرز أهم النتائج.
تناولت الدراسة النصّيّة مقاطع القصيدة الخمسة: (الطلل، والذكريات، والليل، والفرس، والسيل) بالتحليل، وفق رؤية للنص شاملة متكاملة، ومنهج " تكثيريّ "؛ يتتبع المعنى الشعري، ويحلّل الصور الشعرية، ولا سيّما الرمزية منها، بغية الكشف عن معانيها الخفيّة، ودلالاتها البعيدة، وإيحاءاتها النفسية، وامتداداتها الرمزية في ضمير الجماعة الإنسانية ووعيها، وتَبَيُّنِ فاعلية تلك الصور في بنية القصيدة.
وركّز البحث تركيزاً شديداً، على الثنائية الفنّيّة - الضدّيّة التي تنتظم القصيدة، من بدايتها إلى نهايتها، وخاصّة ثنائيّة العجز والقدرة. وهي ثنائيّة بنائيّة فعّألة تتغلغل في مقاطع القصيدة المتتالية، ووحداتها الجزئية، ومشاهدها المتنوعة؛ إذ كان لها - كما كان للصور - أثرٌ فعّال في الوصل والربط بين أجزاء القصيدة، وفي بنية القصيدة الكليّة، ووحدتها الفنّيّة، والموضوعية والشعورية، والنفسيّة.
This research is one of many readings which deal with Omroَlkais’s Muallaka, and which analyze, expound and interepret it. This research affirms that this poem is still liable to new and serious readings which are parallel to the previous readings where many valuable things can be added to the poem or contrast the readings in the purpose in order to understand the poetic import and the method of the critical study. This research is based on an introduction, a textual study of the poem, and a conclusion which highlights the most significant results.
The textual study deals analytically with the five stanzas of the poem: remains, memories, night, horse and flood; this is made according to a comprehensive and integrated vision of the text, and also to an integrated method which follows up the poetic implication and analyzes the poetic figures, particularly the symbolic ones, in order to unfold their hidden meanings, their remote signals, their psychological suggestiveness, and their symbolic depths in the conscience and awareness of human company. This study also reveals the effectiveness of those poetic figures as far as the structure of the poem is concerned.
This research focuses heavily on the artistic binary oppositions which penetrate the poem from the beginning till the end, particularly the binary of ability and inability. This is a constructive and effective binary which penetrates its successive stanzas, its units and its various scenes. Like the figures, these binary oppositions have a dynamic effect in connecting and associating the parts of the poem, and in the total structure of the poem, and in its artistic, objective, emotional, and psychological unity.
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