The Khazari Umayyad War Conflict in the Caucasus (40-132 AH/661-750 AD )
الصراع الحربي الأموي الخزري في بلاد القوقاز (40- 132هـ/ 661- 750م)
Abstract
The Arabs moved towards Armenia, Azerbaijan and the Caucasus at a steady pace. They conquered these areas, but they were not able to spread the Islamic religion, specifically in the Caucasus countries, which tended to convert to the Jewish religion, but left to those people religious freedom, especially in Armenia and Azerbaijan, so they kept selling them and their churches and allowed them to practice. They did not adopt the policy of resettlement because of the cold climate that prevailed in that region, they are people who came from the desert, and this is what made the Arab mission in that region very difficult, not to mention the collision of the Arabs Khazars, a Turkish force that prevented progress Arabs to Beyond the Caucasus Mountains and the flow into Europe, after battles in which both sides lost huge numbers of soldiers, captives were taken from both ends and sold as slaves, but when the Arabs changed their tactics in the late Umayyad era they won big victories, breaking the thorn of the Khazars and ending their attack on Armenia However, this victory coincided with conflicts within the Umayyad dynasty that ended with the death of Caliph Al-Walid III.There was also strife and unrest in all Umayyad states. Marwan bin Muhammad's effort went unheeded, and the Khazarist state was given the opportunity to return to Strong empires.
تقدم العرب المسلمون نحو أرمينية وأذربيجان والقوقاز بخطى ثابتة, ففتحوا تلك المناطق, لكنهم لم يتمكنوا من نشر الدين الإسلامي, وبالتحديد في بلاد القوقاز التي اتجهت إلى اعتناق الدين اليهودي, كما أنهم لم يعتمدوا سياسة التوطين بسبب المناخ البارد الذي كان يسود تلك المنطقة, فهم قوم أتوا من الصحراء والفوا العيش فيها, وهذا ما جعل مهمة العرب في تلك المنطقة صعبة للغاية, ناهيك عن اصطدام العرب بالخزر, تلك القوة التركية التي حالت دون تقدم العرب إلى ما وراء جبال القوقاز والتوغل إلى داخل أوروبا, وذلك بعد معارك خسر فيها كلا الطرفين أعداد هائلة من الجنود, وباع كل منهم أسرى الآخر عبيداً, ولكن عندما غيّر العرب تكتيكاتهم في أواخر العصر الأموي حققوا انتصارات كبيرة, فكسروا شوكة الخزر ووضعوا حدا لهجومهم على أرمينيا وأذربيجان والمناطق المحيطة بها, إلا أن هذا النصر تزامن مع حدوث صراعات داخل الأسرة الأموية انتهت بمقتل الخليفة الوليد الثالث, كما سادت الفتن والاضطرابات في كافة الولايات الأموية, فذهب جهد القائد الأموي مروان بن محمد أدراج الرياح, وأعطيت الدولة الخزرية الفرصة للعودة مرة أخرى إلى مصافي الإمبراطوريات القوية.
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