الموضوعية برؤية فينومينولوجية: دراسة تحليلية
Abstract
سيتناول هذا البحث إمكانية المعرفة المباشرة بوصفها مقابلة للمعرفة غير المباشرة, وفي كل من هاتين المعرفتين, على أية حال, سوف يكون هناك نوع من المواجهة وجهاً لوجه. ولذلك كان من المفترض دراسة تلك الثنائية, أو بكلمة أخرى مواجهة الهوة التي تقع بيني وبين ذلك الشيء الذي يواجهني. فالغاية من هذه الدراسة إذن, هي البحث في طبيعة الموضوعية, وتفسير كل الغوامض الممكنة. وستدرس هذه القضية – الموضوعية- في سياق مذهب التعالي الكانطي وفينومينولوجية كل من هسرل وميرلوبونتي فقط. وسيركز هذا البحث على دراسة طبيعة الموضوعية من وجهة نظر فينومينولوجية, وخاصة من خلال تحليل بعض المفاهيم المبهمة, على سبيل المثال: مفهوم النومنن – الشيء بذاته – عند كانط, والنوئزيز والنوئيما والمضمون الهيولاني عند هسرل, وكذلك أيضاً, بعض المفاهيم مثل المرئي واللامرئي واللامس والملموس عند ميرلوبونتي, وتسليط الضوء على أهمية هذه المفاهيم في تحديد و تشكيل مفهوم الموضوعية.
The purpose of this article is to examine the possibility of immediate against mediated or theoretical knowledge. However, in both types of knowledge, there is a face to face confrontation. I encounter something which I wish to apprehend. Therefore, aspiration already assumes a duality, a gulf between me and that which faces me. The object is, as it were, already there, autonomous, present as a fact. This is, of course, a basic tenet of positivism and empiricism. The world as summation of all its possible contents is simply 'given'. This article also tries to enquire a little further into this perspective, questioning the nature of this objectivity exploring possible ambiguities. I shall be looking mostly at Kantian transcendentalism and Husserlian and Merleapontian phenomenology.
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