مساهمة في تطوير عمليات جمع وترحيل النفايات الصلبة في مدينة اللاذقية باستخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية
Abstract
إنَّ عملية جمع ونقل المخلّفات الصلبة تعتبر المسألة الأولى والأساسيّة في إدارة النفايات الصلبة كما أنّها العمليّة الأكلف اقتصاديّاً حيث تصل نفقاتها في عمليّة نظام إدارة النفايات الصلبة البلديّة إلى نحو60-70 % من إجمالي النفقات، حيث تبدأ هذه العمليّة من وضع المخلّفات في الحاويات إلى تفريغ هذه الحاويات في سيّارات النقل ومن ثمَّ نقلها إلى محطّات الترحيل أو مواقع التخلّص النهائي.
يمكن تقليل تكاليف الجمع والنقل عبر القيام باختيار المسار الأمثل، وبالتالي يمكن الحصول على العديد من المنافع الاقتصاديّة.
في هذا البحث تمَّ استخدام تطبيقات نظم المعلومات الجغرافيّة من أجل الاختيار الأمثل لمسار جمع النفايات ونقلها وترحيلها في مدينة اللاذقيّة، حيث تمَّ تصميم قاعدة بيانات مكانيّة تضمّنت بشكل رئيسي تمثيلاً للشوارع الرئيسيّة والجسور والأنفاق، كما تضمّنت تمثيلاً للمناطق السكنيّة المخدّمة بالحاويات، وجرت عمليّة ربطها مع بعضها باستخدام تقنيّات نظم المعلومات الجغرافيّة من أجل اختيار أفضل الطرق اقتصاديّاً وزمنيّاً لحركة سيّارات جمع ونقل النفايات ممّا يساهم بشكل عملي وفعّال في تحسين أنشطة إدارة النفايات الصلبة البلديّة في هذه المدينة.
The process of collecting and transporting solid waste is the first and fundamental issue in the management of solid waste as it is the most economically expensive operation, in which its expenses in the process of system of municipal solid waste management (MSWM) reaches about 60-70% of the total expenditure. This process starts from placing waste in containers till unloading these containers in transportation vehicles and then carry them to transfer stations or final disposal sites.
The fees of collection and transportation can be reduced through the selection of the optimal path, and thus obtaining many economical benefits.
In this research, the applications of geographical information systems (GIS) have been used in order to choose the optimal route for waste collection, transportation and transference in the city of Lattakia, Where a database has been designed which included mainly the streets, bridges and tunnels, it also included residential areas serviced by waste containers, and the process of linking them to each other took place by using the techniques of GIS in order to choose the best economical and timetable ways for the traffic of vehicles to collect and transport the waste, which contributes practically and effectively in improving the activities of municipal solid waste management in this city.
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