Relations between the Mamluk State and the Kingdom of Sicily (659AH-661AH/1260AD-1262AD)
Abstract
This study aims to examine the nature of the relations between the Mamluk state and the Kingdom of Sicily during the reign of Sultan Al-Zahir Baybars and Emperor Manfred Hohenstaufen, during a crucial period in the history of the two states. The Mamluk state was in the process of being established, and the Kingdom of Sicily was trying to preserve its existence and survival, and protect itself from external dangers. The research also seeks to identify the political and economic factors that contributed to the establishment of such relations, and to the role played by diplomacy in rapprochement and closer ties between the two countries, through the exchange of embassies, correspondence and gifts.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
journal uses a CC BY-NC-SA license which mean
The authors retain the copyright and grant the right to publish in the magazine for the first time with the transfer of the commercial right to the Tishreen University Journal- Arts and Humanities Sciences Series
Under a CC BY- NC-SA 04 license that allows others to share the work with of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.Authors can use a copy of their articles in their scientific activity, and on their scientific websites, provided that the place of publication is indicted in Tishreen University Journal- Arts and Humanities Sciences Series. The Readers have the right to send, print and subscribe to the initial version of the article, and the title of Tishreen University Journal- Arts and Humanities Sciences Series Publisher
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
- ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
