التغيرات الصوتيّة وقوانينها ( المفهوم والمصطلح )
Abstract
نتناول في بحثنا مصطلحين صوتيين : الأول (التغيّرات الصوتيّة) ، ويتجلى في (الإبدال ، والإعلال ، والإدغام ، والإمالة ...) ؛ والثاني (القوانين الصوتيّة) ؛ ويتمثّل بالمخالفة والمماثلة ، وقد رأينا أنّ المصطلحين متساويان ، ولم نلحظ فرقاً أو اختلافاً بين ما يرمي إليه كلّ منهما .
وإذا كانت التغيّرات الصوتيّة هي كل ما يعتري التركيب اللغوي من تبدّل أو اختلاف في الأصوات بين تشكيل لغوي سابق وآخر لاحق ؛ فإنّ ذلك يأتي نتيجة تأثير عوامل من داخل الكلمة ناجمة عن تفاعل الأصوات مع بعضها ؛ وأخرى من خارجها ناتجة عن تجاور الكلمات ، وتأثيرات العوامل النحويّة والصوتيّة ضمن الجملة ؛ مما ينعكس على الأصوات حذفاً أو إبدالاً أو إعلالاً....
وقد أثبتت الدراسات اللغويّة القديمة والمعاصرة أن التغيّر في التركيب اللغوي يرتبط ارتباطاً وثيقاً بالتطور اللغوي الذي إذا وقف عند حدود ثابتة يتحوّل إلى قياس يُصاغ على منواله ، فيفقد بذلك ميّزاته وخواصّه .
In this paper we deal with two phonological terms , the first of which is “ the phonological changes”; the second, “”the phonological rules”.
If the phonological changes are defined as all changes or differences that take place in the linguistic structure, then this come a result of word internal changes due to sound interaction, and other changes that happens due to external factors such as adjacency, syntactic and phonological ones.
Old and modern linguistic studies proved that any change in linguistic structure is tightly connected with the linguistic development, which, if it reaches a certain point, becomes a standard against which other items are formed.
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