Preparation bio-plastics from Cellulose extracted from Syrian Wheat straw

Abstract

This research aims to prepare bioplastics from Cellulose extracted from one of the Plant Wastes (Syrian Wheat straw), in an easy and less expensive method, and to track its degradability in the Local soil to replace industrial plastics in order to reduce its damage and effects on the environment. In this method, (sustainable) renewable resources are relied upon in the manufacture of bioplastics to reduce dependence on (unsustainable) oil sources, and thus plant waste will be converted into a wealth that we can use effectively and is not harmful to the environment. This study used Cellulose extracted from Syrian wheat straw as an ingredient in making biodegradable plastic, and additives used in the production of bioplastics: different combinations were made.  Citric acid as a binder, Glycerol as a plasticizer, and black seed oil as anti-bacterial growth, Through the biodegradation test, It was found that all the prepared films were biodegradable, But with varying periods of time. Cellulose was also extracted from Syrian wheat straw in two methods: The first method was extraction using water as a solvent, and the second method used Acetone and Ethanol as a solvent, and alkaline chemical treatment was carried out to remove Lignin and Hemicellulose, and bleaching was done in an acidic medium in the presence of hydrogen peroxide H₂O₂. The results were as follows, The first method, when using sodium hydroxide as a treatment material, yielded 30.46%. and while potassium hydroxide was used in the same method, the productivity improved and gave a yield of 32.82%, while the second method gave a return of 40.73%. The color of cellulose was distinguished by its bright whiteness, very similar to cotton fluff. Therefore, extraction with organic solvents is better than extraction with water due to the ability of these solvents to remove the organic compounds present in these plant waste.