قياس كفاءة محطات الحاويات باستخدام أسلوب تحليل مغلف البيانات
Abstract
تختلف محطات الحاويات في درجة خدمتها للسفن الخاصة بها التي ازدادت أعدادها مؤخراً، وخصوصاً، في حوض البحر المتوسط, كما تختلف في استخدامها لكمية المدخلات اللازمة للعملية التشغيلية, الأمر الذي خلق مشكلة انخفاض الكفاءة الفنية لمحطات حاويات البحر المتوسط. لذا قام الباحث بقياس كفاءة أهم (12) محطة حاويات في حوض البحر المتوسط لعام 2010, باستخدام أسلوب تحليل مغلف البيانات Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), وكانت المدخلات: عدد روافع الرصيف, ومساحة المحطة. أما المخرجات فكانت عدد الحاويات المتناولة عبر المحطات. وقد بيّنت النتائج العملية أن معدل الكفاءة الفنية، وفق نموذج عوائد الحجم الثابت كانت 49%, بينما كان معدل الكفاءة الفنية وفق نموذج عوائد الحجم المتغير 69.3%, وقد حققت محطة حاويات طنجة أفضل مستوى كفاءة تقنية وحجمية, أما محطات حاويات مرسين, الجيسيراس, طرطوس, فقد حققت الكفاءة الفنية فقط, أما بقية المحطات فلم تحقق أي كفاءة, لذا ينصح بإعادة النظر في كمية المدخلات المستخدمة في المحطات غير الكفء بغية تحسين الكفاءة الفنية لها وتحققها.
Container terminals are different in the degree of service for container ships, which increased recently and especially in the Mediterranean, also differ in use of the amount of inputs required for operational process, which create the problem of declining technical efficiency of container terminals Mediterranean. Therefore, the researcher measured the efficiency (12) a major container terminal in the Mediterranean in 2010, using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Where the inputs: Number of quay cranes, and space of terminal, and the output was the annual throughput of containers. The practical results showed that the rate of technical efficiency – (CRS) was 49%, while the rate of technical efficiency – (VRS) 69.3%. Tangier container terminal achieved the best level of technical and scale efficiency, While Mersin, Algeciras, and Tartous achieved the technical efficiency only, while remaining terminals did not achieve any efficiency, Therefore advisable to reconsider in their used inputs to improve their efficiency.
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