كفاءة العناصر التصميمية المعمارية في المساهمة بالتخفيف من أضرار الحريق والحد من انتشاره في المباني الإدارية
Abstract
تعدّ عملية تأمين المبنى من الحرائق والحدّ من انتشاره, من أولى المهام التي يجب أن تؤخذ على عاتق المعماري وخصوصاً في المباني العالية عند إعداد التصميم, بالإضافة إلى الإجراءات التقنية التي يزود بها المبنى لتقليل الأخطار؛ إذ تفتقر الدراسات المعمارية إلى مراعاة هذه الجوانب والاعتماد بشكل أساس على التجهيزات التقنية؛ لذا اعتمد البحث على توضيح للإجراءات التصميمية المعمارية مع تحديد الاعتبارات الدنيا الواجب تحقيقها في بعض النقاط التي يمكن للمصمم التحكّم بها لحماية الشاغلين قدر الإمكان من خلال تأمين الوسائل المناسبة للهروب الآمن, ومنع الحريق من الانتشار قدر الإمكان .
يقدّم البحث دراسة تحليلية لأحد المباني الإدارية في مدينة اللاذقية, بهدف التحقق من مدى كفاءة العناصر التصميمية في تأمين الإخلاء الآمن للشاغلين , والحد من انتشار الحريق, من خلال دراسة الحالة الراهنة للعناصر التصميمية للمبنى, ومقارنتها مع الاشتراطات الموصى بها, لتحقيق عوامل السلامة والأمان في المباني .
خلص البحث إلى أن الإجراءات التصميمية المتبعة في الحالة المدروسة لم تراع بصورة جيدة الاعتبارات الموصى بها لتحقيق عوامل السلامة والأمان معمارياً .
Securing a building from fire and limiting its spread, is one of the first responsibilities of an architect while preparing the design - especially in tall buildings- in addition to the technical procedures applied to the building to reduce the risks. Architectural studies lack to take into consideration these aspects and mainly rely on technical equipment. Therefore, this research is to clarify architectural procedures and identify minimal considerations that can be achieved and controlled by the designer to protect the occupants through the providing appropriate means of escape and preventing fire from spreading as much as possible.
The research includes an analytical study of an administrative building in Lattakia- in order to verify the efficiency of the design elements in providing safe escape of the occupants and reducing the spread of fire-by studying the current state of the design elements of the building and comparing them with the recommended requirements in order to achieve the safety factors in buildings.
Research concluded that the procedures followed in the design case studied did not take into account the considerations are well recommended to achieve the factors of safety and security architecture.
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